摘要
Three-dimensional(3D)graphene monoliths are a new carbon material,that has tremendous potential in the fields of energy conversion and storage.They can solve the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)graphene sheets,including interlayer restacking,high contact resistance,and insufficient pore accessibility.By constructing interconnected porous networks,3D graphenes not only retain the intrinsic advantages of 2D graphene sheets,such as high specific surface area,excellent electrical and thermal conductivities,good mechanical properties,and outstanding chemical stability,but also enable efficient mass transport of external fluid species.We summarize the fabrication methods for 3D graphenes,with a particular focus on their applications in energy-related systems.Techniques including chemical reduction assembly,chemical vapor deposition,3D printing,chemical blowing,and zinc-tiered pyrolysis have been developed to change their pore structure and elemental composition,and ways in which they can be integrated with functional components.In terms of energy conversion and storage,they have found broad use in buffering mechanical impacts,suppressing noise,photothermal conversion,electromagnetic shielding and absorption.They have also been used in electrochemical energy systems such as supercapacitors,secondary batteries,and electrocatalysis.By reviewing recent progress in structural design and new applications,we also discuss the problems these materials face,including scalable fabrication and precise pore structure control,and possible new applications.
三维网络(3D)石墨烯作为一种新型炭材料,在能量转换与存储领域展现出巨大潜力,可解决二维(2D)石墨烯片层的层间堆叠、接触电阻、孔隙狭窄等问题。通过构建互连多孔网络,3D石墨烯不仅可维持2D石墨烯的优异特性--高比表面积、导电/导热性、机械及化学特性,还可实现高效的外来物种传质。本文综述了3D石墨烯的制备策略,重点探讨其在能源转换与存储方面的应用。在制备方法方面,化学还原组装、化学气相沉积、3D打印、化学发泡、锌分层诱导热裂解等多种技术可调控3D石墨烯的孔结构、元素组成及功能组分复合。在能量存储与转换方面,3D石墨烯可用于机械缓冲、噪声抑制、光热转换、电磁屏蔽与吸波,还可用于电化学能量存储与转换,如超级电容器、二次电池、电催化等。通过梳理3D石墨烯的结构特色与应用创新,展望了未来仍需关注的规模化制备、孔结构调控、新兴应用探索等方面。
出处
《新型炭材料(中英文)》
北大核心
2025年第3期477-518,共42页
New Carbon Materials
基金
supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272039,U23B2075,51972168)
Key Research and Development Program in Jiangsu Province(BE2023085)
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20231406)。
作者简介
共同第一作者:吴梓源.E-mail:wuziyuan0603@163.com;共同第一作者:徐炽炜.E-mail:xuwei2428670025@163.com;通讯作者:蒋湘芬,教授.E-mail:xfjiang@nuaa.edu.cn;通讯作者:王学斌,教授.E-mail:wangxb@nju.edu.cn.
