摘要
青藏高原牧区草场常年饱受鼠害的困扰,牧民的生计遭受严重的影响。作者对青藏高原中部牧区的田野考察发现,藏民一方面对鼠类带来的灾害感到无奈,另一方面又被佛教信仰束缚而不去杀害鼠类,但同时又积极参与到国家的毒鼠和捕鼠运动中。此外,藏区牧民也请求寺院以诵经和相关仪式'灭鼠'。本文将对宗教典籍、民间传说和格萨尔史诗等文献进行深入剖析,结合民族志田野调查资料,探讨藏族基于本土文化的关于'鼠'的认知与应对鼠灾的策略,考察自然科学与藏族传统文化在鼠灾话语建构中的交流与碰撞。关于高原鼠兔的文化解读一方面提示人们对鼠灾治理需要考虑问题的多元性和复杂性应引起足够的重视,同时,鼠兔的文化解读也是自然科学关于鼠兔的知识生产的重要补充,即鼠兔不仅具有自然属性,而且也具备社会性、历史性和文化性。
Pika/voles have recently become a huge problem for the management of rangeland and the livelihood of Tibetan pastoralists on the Tibetan Plateau. Though the pastoralists have been highly irritated by the increasing population of pika and voles as they have been destroying the grassland where the herders keep their yak and sheep, they do not kill these animals by their own hand. They have not only actively participated in the state pika-poising program, they have also asked local monastery to perform the religious ritual to eliminate the pika/voles population. This article studies some of traditional literature including King Gesar’s epic and other old resources that are associated with Tibetans’ relationship and understanding of pika/voles, and to see how these traditions are related to the current herders’ understanding of them. It suggests that gaining a comprehensive understanding of pika/voles means to include the social and cultural studies of these animals in the current scientific studies. It also means that an effective approach in dealing with the problems of pika/voles needs to consider the cultural, social, and historical dimensions of pika/voles.
作者
唐邵宇
嘎尔让
叶亭
Tang Shaoyu;Gaerrang;Emily Yeh(School of Chemical Engineering;Center for Tibetan Studies, Sichuan University;University of Colorado at Boulder)
出处
《藏学学刊》
CSSCI
2018年第1期128-138,18,共12页
Journal of Tibetology
基金
国家社科基金“农地‘三权分置’改革背景下藏区草场承包制引发的社会冲突的调查研究”(17BMZ037)
教育部重点研究基地重大项目“新时期汉藏交流现状及特点研究”(17JJD850001)阶段性成果
作者简介
唐邵宇:美国纽约大学人文与社会实践中心硕士研究生;通讯作者1:嘎尔让,四川大学中国藏学研究所副教授;通讯作者2:叶亭,美国科罗拉多大学博得校区教授。
