摘要
'一佛五十菩萨图'是一种瑞像,即所谓来自印度的特殊图像,目前中国所发现的'一佛五十菩萨图'全部出自初唐时期。然而据文献记载,该图像在此以前的几个世纪就己经传入中国。可惜以前并没有发现唐以前的和印度的'一佛五十菩萨图'。本文提出敦煌莫高窟第272窟的主像就是'一佛五十菩萨图'并进一步探讨该图像的印度原型及其菩萨数量等相关问题。
Ruixiang,which can be translated as a auspicious image,_'or'famous image,',refers to a category of images in Chinese Buddhist art as imitation of important images in Buddhist history,especially for images from India and Central Asia.'One Buddha and fifty Bodhisattvas'is such a ruixiang depicting Amitabha triad together with fifty Bodhisattvas all residing on lotus flowers rising from a water ponder.Over forty images of this ruixiang are found in China,most of which are dated to the Tang Dynasty with the earliest one dated to the seventh century.According to the epigraphically and textual reference,this iconography reached China long before the seventh century.Scholars have identified some extant examples from China of this ruixiang.However,the early history of this image before the seventh century and the Indian reference of this ruixiang still demand substantial study.Recently in 2007,Amy Mcmir suggested that the Gandhara sculptures with multiple Bodhisattvas such as the Mohammed-Nari stele(third-fourth centuries)was the origin of this iconography.In this paper,I propose that the image on the back wall of Dunhuang Cave 272 also depicts'one Buddha and fifty Bodhisattvas'.This cave is dated to the Northern Liang period(421-439).With its early date and visual representation,this image serves as a missing link between the Gandhara images and the Chinese ruixiang.Overall,this paper aims at studying the early history of this ruixiang and related issues.
作者
朱天舒
Zhu Tianshu(University of Macao)
出处
《丝绸之路研究集刊》
2019年第1期109-121,418,共14页
Journal of the Silk Road Studies
