摘要
随着工业、军事和科研领域的发展,高功率瞬时放电的需求日益增长,电容储能型脉冲功率电源已广泛应用于电磁发射、粒子加速、激光驱动等场景。围绕该类电源系统的关键器件与系统集成技术,首先对比了间隙放电类与半导体类开关的主要类型、工作机理及性能,认为高性能半导体开关将在未来发展中发挥关键作用。接着,总结了脉冲电容器在自愈特性、接触劣化、电极设计与介质材料等方面的研究进展,其关键性能指标的协同提升仍然面临挑战。最后,分析了电源系统集成方面的研究方向,包括小型化与轻量化设计、重频能力、能量传输效率提升以及电磁发射高精度控制,对比分析了当前技术水平,并提出未来发展趋势。
With the development of industrial,military,and scientific fields,the demands for high-power short-duration discharges are growing rapidly.Capacitive pulse power supplies have been widely applied in scenarios such as electromagnetic launch,particle acceleration,and laser driving.Focusing on the key components and system integration technologies of such power systems,we first compare the main types,operating mechanisms,and performance characteristics of spark-gap switches and semiconductor switches,and identify high-performance semiconductor switches as key components to play a pivotal role in future development.Subsequently,recent progress in pulse capacitors is reviewed,including self-healing properties,contact degradation,electrode design,and dielectric materials,while it is noted that the coordinated improvement of key performance metrics remains a significant challenge.Finally,research directions in power supply system integration are analyzed,encompassing miniaturization and lightweight design,high repetition rate capability,energy transfer efficiency,and high-precision control for electromagnetic launch.A comparative analysis of current technological capabilities is provided,and future development trends are discussed.
作者
潘垣
戴玲
李黎
李化
陈立学
林福昌
PAN Yuan;DAI Ling;LI Li;LI Hua;CHEN Lixue;LIN Fuchang(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology(Huazhong University of Science and Technology),Wuhan 430074,China;Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Technology of Ministry of Education(School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology),Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《高电压技术》
北大核心
2025年第8期3663-3681,共19页
High Voltage Engineering
关键词
电容储能
脉冲功率电源
开关
电容器
电源系统集成
capacitive energy storage
pulsed power supply
switch
capacitor
power supply system integration
作者简介
潘垣,1933-,男,博士,教授,博导,中国工程院院士,主要从事磁约束聚变技术、高功率脉冲电源、超导电力方面的研究,E-mail:panyuan@mail.hust.edu.cn;通信作者:戴玲,1976-,女,博士,研究员,博导主要从事脉冲功率技术的研究,E-mail:dailing@hust.edu.cn;李黎,1976-,男,博士,研究员,博导主要从事高电压与绝缘技术、电气工程等方面的研究,E-mail:leeli@hust.edu.cn;李化,1979-,女,博士,教授,博导主要从事脉冲功率技术的研究,E-mail:leehua@hust.edu.cn;陈立学,1984-,男,博士,教授,博导主要从事电磁发射技术、电接触和开关电器的研究,E-mail:chenlixue@hust.edu.cn;林福昌,1969-,男,博士,教授,博导主要从事高电压与绝缘技术和脉冲功率技术的研究,E-mail:fclin@hust.edu.cn。
