摘要
鸦片战争之后,中国的海洋主权频繁受到西方列强的侵害。海疆危局之下,中国人开始重新认识海洋的国防价值和经济价值,日益重视国家海洋主权,并不断探索海洋维权的方式。恰在此时,诞生于西方的国际法传入中国。西方国家在近代为了解决彼此的争端,陆续缔结了一批涉及海洋的国际公约。由于多种原因,他们也邀请清政府加入到相关的国际公约中。晚清政府也试图利用国际公约作为海洋维权的方式之一,表现出主动加入的立场。晚清政府加入的涉海公约主要有海事公约、海战公约两类。加入涉海公约,推动了近代中国在内政、外交方面的转型,近代中国的海洋维权活动日益朝着制度化、规范化方向发展。涉海公约的签署与批准,彰显了中国历来尊重公平合理的国际法秩序,积极参与涉海的国际合作。中国的海洋维权不但具有充分的历史依据,而且具有不容置疑的国际法依据。
After the Opium War,China’s maritime sovereignty was repeatedly violated by Western powers.Confronted with such maritime crises,the Chinese began to rediscover the national defense and economic value of the sea,increasingly attaching importance to maritime sovereignty and exploring ways to uphold national maritime rights.At this time,international law,born in the West,was introduced to China.In modern times,Western countries,to resolve disputes among themselves,successively concluded a series of international maritime conventions.For various reasons,they also invited the Qing government to accede to these international conventions.The late Qing government also attempted to use international conventions as a means of safeguarding its maritime rights,demonstrating its proactive stance.The conventions acceded to by the late Qing government primarily included maritime conventions and marine affairs conventions and naval warfare conventions.Joining these conventions promoted the transformation of modern China’s domestic and foreign policy,and China’s maritime rights protection activities in modern times became increasingly institutionalized and standardized.The signing and ratification of these conventions demonstrates China’s long-standing respect for a fair and reasonable international legal order and its active participation in international cooperation concerning the sea.China’s maritime rights protection efforts have both solid historical foundations and undoubted international legal basis.
作者
张赫名
孙晓光
ZHANG Heming;SUN Xiaoguang(School of History and Culture,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,China)
出处
《齐鲁学刊》
北大核心
2025年第5期37-49,共13页
Qilu Journal
基金
中国历史研究院“兰台青年学者计划”项目(LTQN2021LX601)
国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“近代列强南海政策与中国海洋权益维护研究(1840—1949)”(22&ZD232)。
关键词
近代转型
晚清政府
国际公约
海洋维权
modern transformation
Late Qing government
international conventions
Maritime rights protection
作者简介
张赫名,女,历史学博士,曲阜师范大学历史文化学院暨中国南海与周边国家关系研究中心教授;孙晓光,男,历史学博士,曲阜师范大学历史文化学院暨中国南海与周边国家关系研究中心教授。
