摘要
乡聚关系是理解战国秦汉时期聚落形态和地方行政的关键切入点,但学界对此仍存在争议。本文通过新出土的沅陵虎溪山汉简《计簿》复原汉文帝后元元年前后沅陵侯国六乡四聚的行政建置,揭示汉代乡聚的空间分野与行政统合关系。研究表明,聚是都乡和离乡的离邑,与乡核心区在空间上属平行关系,各自对其域内里居邑落进行户口登记。聚是乡啬夫辖区即乡部的组成部分,与乡核心区在行政上由一位乡啬夫统辖,户口簿在乡治所汇总后上呈县廷,从行政层级上看,“聚小于乡”的说法有其合理性。同时需要注意的是,离乡之聚的户数和户均口数要大于乡核心区,呈现出更为突出的聚集效应和大家庭现象,离乡之聚的发展可能是推动秦汉聚落和社会发展的重要因素之一。
The relationship between the district and settlement is a key to understand the settlement pattern and local administration in the Warring States and Qin and Han dynasties,but there are still some controversies.The new materials about the recording of Yuanling in the Han dynasty can be used to restore the administrative system with six districts and four settlements in the first year of the later annals of Emperor Wen,and for the first time reveals the administrative structure which clearly demonstrated the spatial division and administrative associatiobnetween the districts and settlements.In terms of spatial relationship,"settlement"was a special region of the district,which was parallel to the core area where the district government was located.And in terms of the administrative relationship,the district and the settlement were in the charge of one single official who arranged the overall household registration and submit it to the county court.In a limited sense,we can say that"the settlement was smaller than the district".However,it is worth noting that the numbers of household and big family in a settlement was more prominent than those of the core area of a district.The development of settlement was an important reason for social development in Qin and Han Dynasties.
出处
《中国史研究》
北大核心
2025年第4期32-48,168,169,共19页
Journal of Chinese Historical Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“岳麓秦简地理史料的整理与研究”(24CZS015)的阶段性成果。
关键词
虎溪山汉简《计簿》
秦汉
乡聚
沅陵侯国
聚落形态
the"Recording"in Huxishan Han slips
Qin and Han Dynasties
district and settlement
Yuanling Marquis state
settlement pattern
作者简介
郭涛,1990年生,华中师范大学历史文化学院副教授。
