摘要
【目的】研究传统村落与热带雨林由点及面、由面及空间的多维互动关系,为国家公园成立背景下传统村落的保护与规划提供有益借鉴。【方法】以海南热带雨林国家公园107个传统村落为研究对象,使用ArcGIS空间分析法、图示图解法、归纳总结法研究传统村落的空间分布特征、平面形态特征及山水空间营造格局,进而揭示传统村落选址营造法则与生态人居智慧。【结果】1)传统村落呈点状分布,靠近小型溪流的山谷台地与河流阶地,自然环境优势使其成为传统村落趋向性分布区域;2)传统村落平面形态特征为外部自然整体性强,内部建筑排列松散无序,没有引领整体布局的核心建筑或公共空间,道路系统相对自由,受制于不同地形、水体条件形成4类平面形态特征;3)传统村落山水空间营造格局特征为层次性与自由性相结合的空间格局观和适应性与持续性相结合的生态环境观;4)传统村落选址营造体现“顺融避和”的法则,其发展历程产生“三生”共融的生态人居智慧。【结论】传统村落选址营造法则与生态人居智慧可为保持乡村风貌、促进稳定发展提供有益借鉴。在国家公园成立背景下,传统村落应抓住文化旅游、生态康养等新机遇,由农业经济向多元化经济转变,实现可持续发展。
【Objective】To study the multi-dimensional interactive relationship between traditional villages and the tropical rainforest environment from point to surface and surface to space,and to provide useful references for the protection and planning of traditional villages under the background of the establishment of national parks.【Method】Taking 107 traditional villages in Hainan tropical rainforest national park as the research objects,the spatial distribution characteristics,planar morphological characteristics and the layout of mountain-water space of traditional villages were studied by using ArcGIS spatial analysis method,graphic illustration method and induction summary method,and then the selection and construction rules of traditional villages and ecological human settlement wisdom were revealed.【Result】1)Traditional villages are distributed in a point-like pattern,mostly located on the valley terraces and river terraces near small streams.The natural environment advantages make them the distribution areas of traditional villages;2)The planar morphological characteristics of traditional villages are strong external natural integrity,loose and disorderly arrangement of internal buildings,no core buildings or public spaces leading the overall layout,and relatively free road systems.Four types of planar morphological characteristics are formed due to different terrain and water conditions;3)The characteristics of the mountain-water space layout of traditional villages are the combination of hierarchical and free spatial layout concepts and the combination of adaptive and sustainable ecological environment concepts;4)The selection and construction of traditional villages reflect the rule of“harmony and avoidance”,and their development process has produced the ecological human settlement wisdom of“three lives”integration.【Conclusion】The selection and construction rules of traditional villages and ecological human settlement wisdom can also provide important support for maintaining the rural landscape and promoting stable development.Under the background of the establishment of national parks,traditional villages should seize new opportunities such as cultural tourism and ecological health care,transform from agricultural economy to diversified economy,and achieve sustainable development.
作者
孟元
陈智健
杨定海
肖玉冰
袁一哲
MENG Yuan;CHEN Zhijian;YANG Dinghai;XIAO Yubing;YUAN Yizhe(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,Hainan,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期207-217,228,共12页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52168002)
海南省自然科学基金项目(322MS011)
海南省哲学社会科学规划课题[HNSK(ZC)24-156]。
关键词
传统村落
山水空间
选址营造
生态人居智慧
海南热带雨林国家公园
traditional village
landscape space
site selection construction
ecological habitat wisdom
Hainan tropical rainforest national park
作者简介
第一作者:孟元,1852252709@qq.com,硕士研究生;通信作者:杨定海,dinghaiy2008@foxmail.com,教授,博士研究生导师。
