摘要
随着汽车消费群体日趋年轻化与时尚化,对汽车内外饰色彩呈现多元化需求,同时对汽车内饰的耐脏污功能性需求也日益增加。耐脏污技术的实质是疏水和疏油,低表面能和表面微纳结构是实现双疏性能的关键。受荷叶疏水特性的启发,在零部件表面构筑微纳结构,有望实现真正意义的超疏水。但是,微纳结构加工成本高、使用耐久性低,在汽车工业界内尚未大范围推广。苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丙烯酸丁酯三元共聚物(ASA)具有优异的耐光老化性能,同时还兼具优异的耐化学腐蚀性和抗应力开裂性。以ASA为基体树脂,选择低表面能技术路线,通过引入合适的低表面能添加剂对其进行改性,并系统研究其疏水与疏油性能。通过实验验证,有机聚硅氧烷能够显著提升ASA材料的疏水性能,但对其疏油性能提升的幅度较小。值得注意的是,经高温烘烤处理后,低分子量物质会向材料表面迁移,这一过程可进一步强化ASA材料的亲疏水特性。由于氟的表面能更低,其疏油性能明显优于有机硅,因此对硅烷进行有机氟改性,可进一步提升材料的疏油性能。氟树脂对ASA材料双疏性能的影响,主要与两者的相容性及氟原子的覆盖均匀度有关。通过选择合适的改性氟树脂,不仅使其能够实现在ASA材料中均匀的分布和分散,而且其中含氟有机链段还可以较大面积地覆盖样品表面。实验结果表明,经改性处理后的ASA材料的水接触角从70°提高至120°、二碘甲烷接触角从40°提高至60°、正十六烷接触角从20°提高至60°,该材料经二碘甲烷沾污后可轻易擦除。改性后的ASA材料具有耐脏污属性,有望在汽车内饰领域中全面推广。
As automotive consumers become increasingly younger and more fashion-conscious,colors of automotive interiors and exteriors are diversifying,driving increased demand for stain-resistant interior experiences.The essence of dirt-resistant technology is hydrophobicity and oleophobicity,and low surface energy and surface micro-nano structures are key to own amphiphobic properties.Inspired by the hydrophobicity of lotus leaves,constructing micro-nano structures on the surface of components is expected to achieve superhydrophobicity in the true sense.However,high processing costs and low durability of micro-nano structures have limited their widespread adoption in automotive applications.This study adopted a low-surfaceenergy technology route,modifying ASA materials(styrene-acrylonitrile-butyl acrylate terpolymer with excellent UV aging resistance,chemical resistance,and environmental stress cracking resistance)by incorporating low-surface-energy additives.Organic polysiloxanes significantly enhance hydrophobicity,but have a less effect on oleophobicity.High-temperature baking facilitates migration of low molecular weight substances to the samples’surfaces,amplifying hydrophobic properties.Fluorine exhibits lower surface energy and better oleophobic performance than silicone.Organofluorine-modified silanes further enhance oleophobicity.The effect of fluororesins on the ASA amphiphobic properties depends on their compatibility with ASA and the uniformity of fluorine atom coverage.By choosing a suitable modified fluororesin,both uniform distribution and dispersion in ASA materials were realized.Its organofluorine chain segments cover a larger area of the sample surface,achieving an increase in the water contact angle from 70°to 120°,the contact angle of diiodomethane from 40°to 60°,and that of hexadecane from 20°to 60°.The material can be easily wiped off after being stained by diiodomethane,exhibiting promising dirt-resistance properties for automotive interior applications.
作者
胡志华
王琪
翁琳
林荣涛
李明昆
付锦锋
吴俊
陈平绪
叶南飚
HU Zhihua;WANG Qi;WENG Lin;LIN Rongtao;LI Mingkun;FU Jinfeng;WU Jun;CHEN Pingxu;YE Nanbiao(Kingfa Science and Technology,Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510663,China;Liaoning Kingfa Technology Co.,Ltd.,Panjin 124211,China)
出处
《材料研究与应用》
2025年第5期899-908,I0003,共11页
Materials Research and Application
作者简介
通信作者:王琪,博士,高级工程师。长期从事苯乙烯基类聚合物及其合金材料的树脂合成、结构设计、相态演化、界面赋能、寿命调控、美感升级等基础研究和技术攻关工作。开发了高性能苯乙烯基聚合物材料、免喷涂高光黑汽车外饰材料、超低光泽低散发汽车内饰材料、长期服役抗老化功能材料等产品,并成功实现产业化。技术成果广泛应用于汽车、家电和新能源等领域,获得良好的社会经济效益。支撑关键设备和树脂原料国产化,打破国外长期垄断的局面。作为项目骨干承担国家级重点研发计划3项,省级重点项目1项,已顺利结题3项,具有良好的产业化示范效应。在国内外期刊发表学术论文10余篇,获得发明专利授权36件。研究方向为高分子材料。E-mail:wangqi@kingfa.com.cn。
