摘要
【目的】探究贺兰山东麓产区不同风土条件下霞多丽葡萄果实和葡萄酒中酚类化合物的变化。【方法】以贺兰山东麓3个子产区4个地块(永宁产区,YQ;青铜峡产区,YM和YG;银川产区,ZH)的霞多丽葡萄果实为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS)技术测定2021年和2022年葡萄果实和葡萄酒中酚类化合物含量,结合正交偏最小二乘辨别分析(OPLS-DA)手段探讨不同风土条件下霞多丽葡萄果实和葡萄酒酚类物质特征。【结果】在霞多丽葡萄果实中共检测出14种酚类物质。其中儿茶素、表儿茶素和没食子酸是4个地块间差异最显著的酚类物质。2021年YQ地块的儿茶素含量(w,后同)最高(52.37 mg·kg^(-1)),显著高于YM地块(30.11 mg·kg^(-1)),增幅达73.93%。表儿茶素含量以XG地块最高,ZH地块最低,2021和2022年XG地块分别较ZH地块高30.04%和14.09%。没食子酸含量以ZH地块最高,XG地块最低,两年间ZH地块较XG地块分别高14.12%和39.38%。此外,YQ地块葡萄果实以儿茶素和芦丁为特征成分,而葡萄酒中则以儿茶素和没食子酸为主;YM和XG地块的葡萄果实以槲皮素、山奈酚和杨梅素为特征,葡萄酒则以槲皮素、桑色素为特征;ZH地块葡萄果实以没食子酸为主,葡萄酒则以芦丁为特征物质。葡萄果实中的主要酚类物质与葡萄酒的主要酚类物质基本一致。【结论】宁夏贺兰山东麓各子产区不同地块葡萄果实和葡萄酒中酚类物质差异显著,为该产区不同地块霞多丽葡萄酒的风格和产品设计提供一定理论依据。
【Objective】The objective of this study was to explore the changes of phenolic compounds in grapes and wines of Chardonnay under different terroirs in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain.【Methods】The phenolic compounds in grapes and wines of Chardonnay were determined in 2021 and 2022 by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS)and other techniques,and the phenolic compounds characteristics of grapes and wines under different terroirs were investigated by partial least squares discrimination analysis(OPLS-DA).【Results】At the ripening stage,the 100-grain mass of grapes in ZH plot was the largest,reaching 158.21 g and 158.15 g in 2021 and 2022,respectively,and the mass of 100 grains in ZH were 29.51%,42.15% and 14.11% higher than those of YQ,YM and XG in 2021,and 18.43%,45.82% and 29.22% higher than those of YQ,YM and XG in 2022.For two consecutive years,the soluble solids content of grape fruit in plot XG was higher,and YQ was the lowest,respectively,but there was no significant difference.In 2021,there was a significant difference in the titratable acid content between grape fruits in YQ and ZH plots,which was 25.42% lower than that in ZH plots,and there was a significant difference in titratable acid content between YQ and XG plots in 2022,which was 43.75% higher than that in XG plots,and the total phenolic content of grape fruits in each plot in 2021 was higher than that in 2022,and the total phenolic content of YQ in 2021 was the highest,6.24 mg·g^(-1),and ZH was the lowest,3.61 mg·g-1,YQ was 72.9% higher than that of ZH.A total of 14 phenolic compounds were detected in the grape fruits of Chardonnay,including 2 flavanols,6 flavanols and 6 phenolic acids,and the contents of catechins and gallic acid in the phenolic substances of grape fruits in the four plots were the highest,and the catechin content of the YQ plot at the ripening stage in 2021 was higher than that in other plots,which was 52.37 mg·kg^(-1),and YM was the lowest,30.11 mg·kg^(-1),and YQ was 73.93% higher than that of YM.The difference was significant.In 2021,the gallic acid content of YQ,YM,XG and ZH accounted for 68.92%,89.69%,93.55% and 86.24% of the total acid content,respectively,and in 2022,it accounted for 79.65%,59.24%,73.87% and 75.69% of the total acid content.The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)was used to distinguish the four plots,and the most significant differences between the four plots were catechin,epicatechin,and gallic acid,among them catechin was the most significant.Additionally,the grape berries from the YQ plot were characterized by catechin and rutin as their distinctive components,while the wine was predominantly marked by catechin and gallic acid.The grape berries from the YM and XG plots featured quercetin,kaempferol,and myricetin as their characteristic compounds,whereas the wine was distinguished by quercetin and morin.In the ZH plot,gallic acid was the primary phenolic compound in the grape berries,while rutin was the characteristic substance in the wine.The main phenolic compounds in grape berries were largely consistent with those in the corresponding wines.【Conclusion】The main characteristic phenolic compounds of Chardonnay grapes in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain in Ningxia were phenolic acids and flavanols,and the phenolic compounds in the grapes and wines of Chardonnay in different plots were significantly different depending on the terroir conditions.It would provide a theoretical basis for the production area style and product design of Chardonnay wine in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain in Ningxia,China.
作者
宁琳
李文超
杨彭程
马丹阳
王振平
李栋梅
NING Lin;LI Wenchao;YANG Pengcheng;MA Danyang;WANG Zhenping;LI Dongmei(College of Wine and Horticulture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;Member of the Management Committee of Helan Mountain Eastern Foothill Wine Producing Area,Yinchuan,710005,Ningxia,China;Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期2043-2056,共14页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2042)
财政部和农业农村部:国家葡萄产业技术体系(CARS-29-zp-3)。
关键词
葡萄
霞多丽
贺兰山东麓产区
风土
单体酚
Grape
Chardonnay
Eastern foothill of Helan Mountain
Terroir
Monomeric phenol
作者简介
宁琳,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为葡萄逆境生理与分子生物学。E-mail:ninglin2023@163.com;通信作者:李栋梅,E-mail:ldm2022068@nxu.edu.cn。
