摘要
针对麻山药机械化收获存在的碎土效果不佳、麻山药损伤率高等问题,该研究结合麻山药种植农艺和收获要求,设计了一种麻山药收获机振动碎土装置,确定了其结构和主要参数。通过EDEM软件对碎土装置作业过程进行仿真试验,分析了作业速度、振动频率、振动幅度对土壤破碎率和山药损伤率的影响。使用Design-Expert软件进行优化求解,求得最优工作参数组合为作业速度0.135 km/h,振动频率8 Hz,振动幅度45 mm。样机田间试验结果表明,麻山药损伤率的田间试验结果和仿真试验结果相对误差在10%以内,在最优作业参数下,麻山药损伤率为8.47%,满足农户对麻山药收获作业的要求。
Ma yam is one of the most highly precious and popular cash crops,due to its nutritional and medicinal properties.However,the current harvesting of ma yam relies primarily on manual labor or semi-machinery.The special harvesting machinery has hindered the sustainable development of the ma yam planting industry.In this study,a vibratory soil crushing device was developed in a ma yam harvester,according to the agronomic practices and harvesting requirements of the cultivation.The ma yam harvester was connected to a tractor via a suspension device.The vibration soil crushing device was composed of an eccentric wheel,support plate,connecting plate,soil crushing plates,and soil crushing shovels,which were driven by the rear power take-off shaft of a tractor.The soil crushing plate and shovel were driven by the eccentric wheel to oscillate rhythmically,crush up the soil through vibration,and then separate the ma yam from the earth.The trenching device was also used for the deep trenches on either side of the ma yam plants during operation.The vibrations were applied to the soil surrounding the ma yam,thereby crushing it up and then exposing the roots.The trenching device was realized at a depth of 1400 mm and a width of 100 mm,resulting in a central soil ridge as the 250 mm post-trenching.The soil crushing shovel was measured as 250 mm in width,with a grid length of 200 mm and a 20 mm spacing.The soil crushing plate was extended to 120 mm,with evenly distributed rectangular teeth.Each tooth was measured as 80 mm in length and 50 mm in width,with an 85°angle to the horizontal plane.A discrete element simulation was performed on the ma yam-soil-vibration soil crushing device using EDEM 2020 software.A systematic analysis was then carried out on the effects of the operating speed,vibration frequency,and vibration amplitude on the soil fragmentation and ma yam damage rates.The significance of each factor and their interactions was assessed using the response surface method in Design-Expert 13 software.The operating speed and vibration amplitude were obtained to significantly determine the rate of soil fragmentation.Specifically,the vibration amplitude also had an outstanding impact on the damage rate of the ma yam.A series of experiments was carried out to verify the optimal combination of the operating parameters.A better performance was achieved in an operating speed of 0.135 km/h,a vibration frequency of 8 Hz,and a vibration amplitude of 45 mm.A series of tests was carried out using a prototype in the experimental field in Baoding City,Hebei Province,China.The damage rate of ma yam also served as the primary evaluation index.The experimental factors included the operating speed of the machinery and the vibration amplitude of the soil crushing device.The soil type in the experimental field was characterized as sandy loam.The relative error of the damage rates between the field trial and the simulation was under 10%.The damage rate of ma yam was reduced to 8.47%,with the optimal combination of the operating parameters.The harvesting needs were fully met after optimization.This finding can also provide a technical framework for the harvesting machinery,particularly for the geophyte species with fragile root crops.
作者
郝建军
靳道祥
高振
赵建国
张凯伦
HAO Jianjun;JIN Daoxiang;GAO Zhen;ZHAO Jianguo;ZHANG Kailun(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Technology Innovation Center of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Hebei Province,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Kaian Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd,Baoding 071001,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第16期90-98,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
河北省农机新机具新技术研发项目(2020)。
作者简介
郝建军,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为农业机械化自动化技术及装备研发。Email:hjjpaper@163.com。
