摘要
引进筛选适宜山西省气候条件的高产、优质、抗病芦笋品种,可以更好地促进山西省芦笋产业发展。以翡翠明珠、晋芦笋1号、格兰德和JVS-31-001芦笋品种以及山西农业大学园艺学院新选配的3个杂交新组合为参试材料,以全国推广种植面积较大的高产、优质芦笋品种冠军为对照(CK),在露地栽培条件下进行品种比较试验,调查芦笋的物候期、形态指标、产量和抗病性等性状,并运用方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析对各芦笋品种进行了综合评价。结果表明:参试芦笋品种均能完成正常的生长发育,并进入采笋期;株高、单株茎数和茎粗均存在显著差异,生育指数除JVS-31-001外其他品种均显著>CK;2 a嫩茎数(除2025年格兰德)、单茎质量和产量均>CK,其中,嫩茎数除2024年JVS-31-001和2025年格兰德外其他品种均显著>CK,单茎质量除GJ153和JVS-31-001外其他品种均显著>CK,产量除2024年JVS-31-001和2025年格兰德外其他品种均显著>CK,且不同年份翡翠明珠、晋芦笋1号、GF73和GJ77的产量差异均不显著但均显著>其他品种;2 a一级笋率除JVS-31-001外,其他品种均>90%且均>CK,不同年份中翡翠明珠、晋芦笋1号、GF73和GJ77的一级笋率均较高;茎枯病发病率均显著GF73>GJ77>GJ153>翡翠明珠>格兰德>JVS-31-001,除翡翠明珠与GJ153差异不显著外,其他品种之间的差异均达到了显著水平。相关性分析结果显示,产量与生育指数、嫩茎数和单茎质量呈显著(p<0.05)或极显著(p<0.01)正相关。主成分分析结果显示,9个测定指标可以降为3个主成分(累积贡献率为83.88%),其中GF73、翡翠明珠和晋芦笋1号综合得分较高。GF73、翡翠明珠和晋芦笋1号在农艺性状、产量和抗病性方面综合表现较好,可在山西省芦笋生产上推广种植。
The introduction and screening of high yield,high quality and disease resistant asparagus varieties suitable for the climatic conditions of Shanxi Province can better promote the development of the asparagus industry.This study conducted a comparative experiment using Feicuimingzhu,Jinlunsun No.1,Grande and JVS-31-001 asparagus varieties and 3 new asparagus combinations from College from Horticulture,Shanxi Agriculture University as experimental materials,and with the Guanjun serving as the control,which is a high yield and high quality asparagus variety with a large planting area in China.The field cultivation conditions were utilized to evaluate morphological index,yield,quality and disease resistance of the asparagus varieties.A comprehensive evaluation was performed through variance analysis(ANOVA),correlation analysis and principal component analysis(PCA)to assess the overall characteristics and production performance of different varieties.The results indicated that all of the asparagus varieties tested could complete normal growth and development and enter the spore picking stage.There were significant differences in plant height,number of stems per plant and stem diameter,and the growth index was significantly higher than CK except for JVS-31-001.The spear number(except for Grande in 2025),spear weight and yield in 2 years were all higher than CK,of which the spear number of all varieties were significantly higher than CK except for JVS-31-001 in 2024 and Grande in 2025,the spear weight in all varieties were significantly higher than CK except for GJ153 and JVS-31-001,and the yield in 2 years in all varieties were significantly higher than CK except for JVS-31-001 in 2024 and Grande in 2025.Especially,there was no significant difference among Feicuimingzhu,Jinlunsun No.1,Grande and JVS-31-001,and the yield of the 4 varieties were all significantly higher than other varieties.The first-level spear rate of all the varieties was higher than 90%and all higher than CK,except for JVS,and the first-level spear rate of Feicuimingzhu,Jinlunsun No.1,Grande and JVS-31-001 were higher than other in different years.The incidence of stem blight was significantly less than CK,and the order of disease resistance was JLS>GF73>GJ77>GJ153>Feicuimingzhu>Grande>JVS-31-001.And there was significant difference between all the 6 varieties,except for Feicuimingzhu and GJ153.Correlation analysis showed that yield was positively correlated with growth index,spear number and stem weight significantly or extremely significantly.The principal component analysis showed that the nine measured indexes could be reduced to three principal components(the cumulative contribution rate was 83.88%),among which GF73,Feicuimingzhu and Jinlunsun No.1 had higher comprehensive scores than other varieties.In summary,GF73,Feicuimingzhu and Jinlunsun No.1 can be promoted in Shanxi Province for the superior comprehensive performance in terms of agronomic traits,yield and disease resistance.
作者
毛丽萍
罗超
赵婧
MAO Li-ping;LUO Chao;ZHAO Jing(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agriculture University,Taiyuan 030031,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2025年第3期57-63,共7页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC124)。
关键词
芦笋
品种比较试验
相关性分析
主成分分析
Asparagus
Comparative experiment of varieties
Correlation analysis
Principal component analysis
作者简介
毛丽萍(1975-),女,山西襄汾人,研究员,博士,主要从事蔬菜栽培技术研究。E-mail:lipingm@126.com。
