摘要
地膜覆盖栽培是旱地农业的一项重要技术,能够大幅度提高农田产出量。本研究针对内蒙古清水河等干旱半干旱地区缺水制约农业发展的问题,旨在评估不同特性地膜(厚度、颜色、降解性)对旱作谷子保水增产的效果,筛选优化覆膜技术。试验设PE全膜、渗水全膜、宏达黑半膜、渗降全膜、PE半膜、喜丰全膜和宏达白半膜7种覆膜处理以及露地无膜对照(CK),系统监测了谷子各生育期(拔节、抽穗、成熟)的土壤含水量(0-40 cm)、株高、SPAD值、植株含水量、地上部生物量,以及成熟期产量、水分利用效率(WUEC)和降水生产效率(PUE)。结果表明:所有覆膜处理均具有显著的前期保水作用,改善墒情,促进生长。PE全膜处理综合表现最优,具体表现为有效提高土壤保水能力(土壤含水量较渗水全膜处理提高6.20%-95.62%),显著增加株高(抽穗期较渗水全膜处理高8 cm)、SPAD值(叶绿素含量最高)、植株含水量和地上部生物量,并实现最高水分利用率〔WUEC、PUE分别较渗水全膜处理提高28.15百分点和2.25 kg/(mm·hm^(2))〕和最高产量(较CK提高87.56%,较渗水全膜处理提高46.51 kg/hm^(2))。综合各指标,不同地膜覆盖处理的效果顺序为PE全膜>渗水全膜>宏达黑半膜>渗降全膜>PE半膜>喜丰全膜>宏达白半膜>CK。在干旱区推广PE全膜覆盖技术可有效破解水分瓶颈,显著提升谷子产量和资源利用效率,是旱作谷子生产的核心优选方案;渗水全膜为有效替代。未来需加强生物降解地膜的应用评估。
Plastic film mulching cultivation is an important technology in dryland agriculture,which can greatly improve the output of farmland.According to the problem of water shortage restricting agricultural development in arid and semi-arid areas such as Qingshui River in Inner Mongolia,this study aims to evaluate the effects of different characteristics of plastic film(thickness,color,degradability)on water retention and yield increase of dryland millet,and screen and optimize the film mulching technology.Seven film mulching treatments including PE full film,permeable full film,Hongda black half film,permeable full film,PE half film,Xifeng full film and Hongda white half film,and open field without film control(CK)were set up in the experiment.The soil water content(0-40 cm),plant height,SPAD value,plant water content,aboveground biomass,yield,water use efficiency(WUEc)and precipitation production(PUE)efficiency of millet at different growth stages(jointing,heading and maturity)were systematically monitored.The results showed that all film mulching had significant water retention effect at the early stage,improved soil moisture and promoted growth.The comprehensive performance of PE Full film treatment was the best:its water retention capacity was outstanding(6.20%-95.62%higher than the soil water content of permeable full film),and the plant height(8 cm higher than that of permeable full film at heading stage),SPAD value(the highest chlorophyll content),plant water content and biomass were significantly optimized;the highest water use efficiency(WUEC and PUE increased by 28.15 percentage point and 2.25 kg/(mm·hm^(2))com pared with the permeable full film,respectively and the highest yield(87.56%higher than CK,46.51 kg/hm^(2)higher than the permeable full film)were achieved.Based on the comprehensive indexes,the treatment effect was ranked as follows:PE full film>permeable full film>Hongda black half film>permeable full film>PE half film>Xifeng full film>Hongda white half film>CK.The promotion of PE full film mulching technology in arid areas could effectively break the water bottleneck,significantly increase the yield of millet and resource utilization efficiency,and was the core optimization scheme for millet production in dryland.Permeable full film is an effective alternative.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the application evaluation of biodegradable mulch.
作者
贾祎明
温蕊
赵雅杰
张永虎
JIA Yi-ming;WEN Rui;ZHAO Ya-jie;ZHANG Yong-hu(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2025年第3期1-8,共8页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-06-14.5-B11)。
关键词
谷子
地膜覆盖栽培
生理指标
水分利用效率
Millet
Plastic film mulching cultivation
Physiological index
Water use efficiency
作者简介
贾祎明(1993-),男,内蒙古人,助理研究员,主要从事谷子育种与栽培研究。E-mail:m15384846946@163.com;通信作者:张永虎(1986-),男,内蒙古人,副研究员,博士,主要从事谷子育种与栽培研究。E-mail:zhangyonghu0815@126.com。
