摘要
晋北地区谷子种植大量采用地膜覆盖种植方式,地膜残留的环境危害日益增加。为了研究晋北地区谷子不覆膜与覆膜种植、灌溉处理与雨养处理对土壤水热特征及谷子生长发育和产量的影响,设置覆膜穴播(FX)、不覆膜穴播(BX)、不覆膜条播(BT)、不覆膜谷豆间作(BJ);覆膜灌溉(FG)、覆膜雨养(FY)、不覆膜灌溉(BG)、不覆膜雨养(BY)共8个处理进行田间试验,探索当地不覆膜种植谷子的可能性。结果表明,谷子不覆膜种植与覆膜种植相比,苗期土壤温度较低,谷子的株高、茎粗在苗期—孕穗期低于覆膜种植,单株长势较弱,但生育后期土壤温度与谷子长势均无显著差异;成熟期不覆膜种植下谷子穗部性状优于覆膜种植,但是由于穗数低于覆膜种植,产量较低;不覆膜种植方式在雨养条件下0~30 cm土层以及灌溉条件下各土层的土壤含水量低于覆膜种植,生育期内土壤水分蒸散量高于覆膜种植。不覆膜灌溉与雨养相比,增加了谷子各生育时期的株高以及拔节期茎粗和成熟期穗部性状,产量有一定提高。
Mulching method is widely used in millet planting in north Shanxi province,and the environmental harm of mulching film residue is increasing.The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of unmulched and mulched millet planting,irrigation treatment and rainfed treatment on soil hydrothermal characteristics,growth and development,and yield of millet.In this study,field experiments were carried out on 8 treatments including mulched hill-drop planting(FX),non-mulched hill-drop planting(BX),non-mulched drill planting(BT),non-mulched glue-bean intercropping(BJ),film mulched irrigation(FG),film mulched rainfed irrigation(FY),non-film mulched irrigation(BG),and non-film mulched rainfed irrigation(BY)to explore the possibility of unmulched millet planting in the locality.The results showed that in the unmulched treatments compared with film mulching,the soil temperature at seedling stage was lower,the plant height and stem diameter of millet were lower at seedling stage and booting stage than those of film mulching,and the growth of single plant was weaker,but there was no significant difference between soil temperature and growth of millet at late growth stage.The spike traits of millet under unmulched treatments was better than that under mulched treatments at maturity stage,but the yield was lower because the spike number was lower than that under mulched treatments.The soil water content of 0-30 cm soil layer of unmulched cultivation under rainfed condition and irrigation condition was lower than that under mulched cultivation,and the soil water evapotranspiration was higher than that under mulched cultivation during growth period.Compared with rainfed millet,unmulched irrigation increased plant height at various stages,stem diameter at jointing stage,and spike traits at maturity stage,and increased yield to a certain extent.
作者
叶凡
赵磊
尹大鹏
陈向阳
卢华雨
陈阜
文新亚
YE Fan;ZHAO Lei;YIN Dapeng;CHEN Xiangyang;LU Huayu;CHEN Fu;WEN Xinya(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farming System of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100193,China;Yongding River Basin(Datong)Asset Operation Co.,Ltd.,Datong 037000,China)
出处
《山西农业科学》
2022年第8期1088-1095,共8页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划(2021YFD1901103)。
关键词
谷子
不覆膜种植
覆膜种植
灌溉
雨养
millet
unmulched cultivation
mulched cultivation
irrigation
rain-fed
作者简介
叶凡(1996-),男,河北张家口人,在读硕士,研究方向:农作制度与有机旱作农业;通信作者:文新亚(1974-),女,山西吕梁人,副教授,博士,主要从事耕作制度与农田土壤微生态研究工作。
