摘要
量子通信利用量子态承载并传输信息,相比于现代通信中电磁波等确定性的信息载体,量子态的不可克隆、测量塌缩等特性使其具备窃听感知能力。然而,单光子水平的量子态极易受到外界干扰,是量子通信实用化的主要挑战之一。文章围绕光通信中常用的光纤信道,主要介绍信道因色散、非线性和环境因素对量子通信系统的干扰问题。针对在时间、偏振、相位等维度的干扰,回顾量子通信中主要的抗干扰手段,并结合发展需求进行简要讨论。
Quantum communication utilizes quantum states to carry and transmit information.Compared to deterministic information carriers such as electromagnetic waves in modern communication,the unique properties of quantum states,such as the no-cloning theorem and measurement-induced collapse,enable the detection of eavesdropping.However,quantum states at the single-photon level are highly susceptible to external disturbances,making practical implementation of quantum communication a major challenge.This paper focuses on optical fiber channels,which are commonly used in optical communication,and describes the main sources and mechanisms of channel interference;the key anti-interference techniques in quantum communication are then reviewed.
作者
范元冠杰
谢蔚鑫
王双
韩正甫
FAN-YUAN Guan-Jie;XIE Wei-Xin;WANG Shuang;HAN Zheng-Fu(Key Laboratory of Quantum Information,Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)
出处
《物理》
北大核心
2025年第8期549-556,共8页
Physics
基金
国家自然科学基金(批准号:62425507)资助项目。
关键词
量子通信
光纤
噪声
抗干扰
quantum communication
optical fiber
noise
anti-interference
作者简介
王双,email:wshuang@ustc.edu.cn。
