摘要
非局域量子纠缠是未来量子网络的一种核心资源.局域产生的量子纠缠在通过量子信道传输时呈现指数衰减的分发效率,大幅降低了量子网络节点之间生成非局域量子纠缠的效率.该问题在涉及多对非局域量子纠缠的实际量子技术中将进一步加剧.空间多模、时间多模以及频率多模等经典多模技术在一定程度上加快了非局域量子纠缠的生成速率,但并未提升单次信道传输效率.量子多模技术基于单光子的高维编码,能够在一次量子信道传输中,在量子网络节点间同时生成多对非局域量子纠缠.因此,量子多模有望提升涉及多对非局域量子纠缠的实际量子技术的性能.本文介绍了基于量子多模的非局域量子纠缠生成机制,讨论基于高维单光子传输和高维双光子纠缠分发的量子多模技术在实现非局域量子纠缠中的特点,分析量子多模在加速非局域量子逻辑纠缠生成中的应用,并展望其在构建大规模量子网络中的潜在优势.
Nonlocal quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource for future quantum networks.However,the efficiency of generating nonlocal entanglement between distant nodes is severely limited by the exponential loss incurred when locally generated entangled states are distributed through lossy quantum channels.This limitation becomes more pronounced in practical scenarios requiring the simultaneous distribution of multiple entangled pairs.Although classical multiplexing approaches,such as spatial,temporal,and frequency multiplexing,can increase the nonlocal entanglement generation rate,they do not improve the single-shot transmission efficiency.In contrast,quantum multiplexing,which can be generated by high-dimensional encoding of single photons,allows for the parallel generation of multiple nonlocal entangled pairs in a single transmission round,thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of nonlocal entanglement generation.Quantum multiplexing thus presents a promising route toward scalable quantum networks.This review introduces the mechanisms of generating nonlocal entanglement through quantum multiplexing,and focuses on two main methods:using high-dimensional single-photon encoding and high-dimensional biphoton entanglement distribution.Then it examines how quantum multiplexing can accelerate the generation of nonlocal quantum logical entanglement.Finally,it briefly explores the potential of quantum multiplexing for building large-scale quantum networks.
作者
李涛
王雪琦
解志浩
LI Tao;WANG Xueqi;XIE Zhihao(Engineering Research Center of Semiconductor Device Optoelectronic Hybrid Integration in Jiangsu Province,School of Physics,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures,College of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《物理学报》
北大核心
2025年第16期81-91,共11页
Acta Physica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(批准号:11904171)资助的课题。
关键词
量子网络
量子多模
高维光子
并行量子纠缠
quantum networks
quantum multiplexing
high-dimensional photon
parallel quantum entanglement
作者简介
通信作者:李涛,E-mail:tao.li@njust.edu.cn;通信作者:解志浩,E-mail:zhihaoxie@smail.nju.edu.cn。
