摘要
目的在于探讨不同病原微生物检验方法在临床呼吸道感染诊断方面的应用价值以及其具备的临床意义,同时对这些检验方法在病原谱识别、共感染发现还有个体化治疗指导等方面所起的作用予以评估。方法回顾性分析2023年1月至2024年12月铅山县妇幼保健院呼吸内科所收治的330例疑似呼吸道感染住院患者的临床标本。运用细菌培养、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)以及血清学检测等方法,来检测患者呼吸道分泌物、血液等各类标本当中的细菌性、病毒性以及真菌性病原微生物。对病原检出率进行统计,分析主要病原种类以及共感染发生的实际情况。结果在330例患者之中,总共检出病原微生物320例,其阳性率达到了96.97%。其中细菌性病原的检出率为45.45%,主要包含链球菌、肺炎球菌等;病毒性病原检出率是36.36%,主要有流感病毒、冠状病毒等;真菌性病原检出率为9.09%。PCR检测在病毒性病原检测过程中呈现出较高的灵敏度与特异性,细菌培养在细菌感染鉴定方面准确性比较高。共感染发生率为21.21%,其中以细菌-病毒共感染最为常见,占比15.15%。结论病原微生物的准确检测对于呼吸道感染的早期诊断、治疗决策以及抗菌药物的合理使用都有着重要意义。多种检验方法联合应用,有助于提升诊断阳性率以及病原识别效率,特别是在识别共感染方面优势颇为明显。
Objective The aim was to figure out the clinical value as well as the significance of diverse pathogen detection methods when it comes to diagnosing respiratory tract infections.Also,to assess how they function in identifying the pathogen spectrum,detecting coinfections,and giving guidance for individualized treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on the clinical specimens from 330 patients who were hospitalized with suspected respiratory tract infections and admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Qianshan county maternal and child health hospital between January 2023 and December 2024.Bacterial culture,polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and serological testing were utilized to detect bacterial,viral,and fungal pathogens in respiratory secretions and blood samples.The detection rate of the pathogens was analyzed statistically,and the main types of pathogens and co-infection rates were evaluated.Results Out of the 330 patients,a total of 320 cases of pathogenic microorganisms were detected,having a positive detection rate of 96.97%.The detection rate of bacterial pathogens was 45.45%,mainly consisting of Streptococcus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.The detection rate of viral pathogens was 36.36%,mostly involving influenza virus and coronavirus.The detection rate of fungal pathogens was 9.09%.PCR testing showed high sensitivity and specificity in detecting viral pathogens,while bacterial culture had high accuracy in identifying bacterial infections.The incidence of co-infection was 21.21%,with bacterial-viral co-infection being the most common(15.15%),which offered important guidance for clinical treatment strategies.Conclusions Accurate detection of pathogenic microorganisms is of great significance for the early diagnosis of respiratory infections,treatment decision-making,and the rational use of antimicrobial agents.The combined application of multiple detection methods helps improve the diagnostic positive rate and the efficiency of pathogen identification,and is particularly advantageous in identifying co-infections.
作者
陈芝刚
张春愹
CHEN Zhigang;ZHANG Chunyong(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Qianshan County Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Shangrao,Jiangxi 334500,China;Department of Clinical Laboratory,Qianshan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shangrao,Jiangxi 334500,China)
出处
《中国医药指南》
2025年第22期52-55,共4页
Guide of China Medicine
基金
上饶市科技计划项目(20192CKJ17)。
关键词
呼吸道感染
病原微生物
聚合酶链式反应
细菌培养
血清学检测
共感染
Respiratory infection
Pathogen microorganisms
Polymerase chain reaction
Bacterial culture
Serological testing
Co-infection
作者简介
通信作者:张春愹,Email:956638660@qq.com。
