摘要
本研究以神农架地区特有的极小种群植物洪平杏为研究对象,采用形态学测量结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术,系统分析了其杏仁的主要营养成分,并与3种商用杏(山杏、轮台小白杏及库车甜杏)进行对比研究。结果表明:洪平杏核仁的形态学指标与对照品种相比存在显著差异(p<0.05)。具体表现为:核长(26.46~26.82 mm)和核宽(18.94~20.20 mm)均显著大于对照品种;但核重较大(1.90~2.08 g),出仁率相对较低(20.30%~21.24%)。营养组分分析显示,所有样品均含有10种氨基酸(包括4种必需氨基酸)、5种脂肪酸和8种有机酸。其中,洪平杏的必需氨基酸总量(20.24%~31.81%)介于山杏(33.16%)和轮台小白杏(17.25%)之间;不饱和脂肪酸占比可达96.32%~97.10%,与对照相当(97.10%~97.39%)。特别值得注意的是,洪平杏#1的葡糖酸含量(133.40)显著高于其他杏仁,洪平杏#1的苦杏仁苷含量(3.04%)与山杏(典型苦杏仁,3.27%)无显著差异,这一结果支持洪平杏具有苦杏仁的属性。本研究系统分析了洪平杏杏仁的营养特征,为其资源保护与利用提供了科学依据。
The current research endeavor focused on Prunus hongpingensis,a phylogenetically distinct and critically endangered species endemic to the Shennongjia biogeographic region in central China's Hubei Province.Employing a multidisciplinary analytical framework that synergistically combines rigorous morphometric characterization with state of the art chromatographic methodologies specifically gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)we conducted a systematic,comparative assessment of kernel nutritional composition against three commercially cultivated apricot taxa(P.sibirica,P.armeniaca‘Luntai Xiaobaixing’,and P.armeniaca‘Kuche Sweet’).Quantitative morphometric characterization demonstrated statistically significant morphological divergence(p<0.05)in the kernel architecture of P.hongpingensis when compared to domesticated reference cultivars.Comparative analyses indicated superior metric parameters,with longitudinal dimensions ranging from 26.46 to 26.82 mm and latitudinal measurements spanning 18.94 to 20.20 mm.Paradoxically,this structural superiority was counterbalanced by a marked increase in kernel mass(1.90-2.08 g),ultimately yielding a significantly diminished kernel extraction efficiency(20.30%-21.24%).High resolution phytochemical characterization through mass spectrometry based approaches consistently identified 10 proteinogenic amino acids(incorporating 4 essential amino acids),5 fatty acid species,and 8 organic acid metabolites across all analyzed specimens.Notably,the aggregate essential amino acid content in P.hongpingensis(20.24%-31.81%)occupied an intermediate phylogenetic position between P.sibirica(33.16%)and P.armeniaca‘Luntai Xiaobaixing’(17.25%).The unsaturated fatty acid profile,representing 96.32%-97.10%of total lipid content,proved statistically congruent with reference cultivars(97.10%-97.39%).Notably,Prunus hongpingensis accession#1 exhibited significantly elevated gluconic acid content(133.40)relative to other almond cultivars,whereas amygdalin concentrations in its(3.04%)showed no statistically significant variation compared to the reference bitter almond P.sibirica(3.27%).These results provide biochemical evidence supporting the classification of P.Hongpingensis kernels as Prunus armeniaca var.amara(bitter almond).Through systematic characterization of the nutritional composition of P.hongpingensis kernels,this study establishes a scientific foundation for the conservation and sustainable utilization of this genetic resource.
作者
周婷婷
戴小康
周志翔
赵千里
刘梅
丁寄花
向松竹
Zhou Tingting;Dai Xiaokang;Zhou Zhixiang;Zhao Qianli;Liu Mei;Ding Jihua;Xiang Songzhu(College of Horticulture and Forestry,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;Shennongjia Forest Research Institute,Shennongjia 442499;Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,Wuhan 430070)
出处
《湖北林业科技》
2025年第4期29-35,41,共8页
Hubei Forestry Science and Technology
基金
神农架林区林业管理局自筹项目“神农架洪平杏资源开发与利用技术研究”(SAF202104)。
关键词
洪平杏
杏仁
苦杏仁苷
营养成分
Prunus hongpingensis
almond
amygdalin
nutrition facts
作者简介
周婷婷(1996-),女,博士研究生在读,主要研究方向为遗传转化体系优化与基因功能研究;通讯作者:向松竹。
