摘要
在机床运动过程中,主轴热变形引起的几何误差较小,且具有时变特性。传统静态标定方法通过正向误差传递建模,导致机床定位误差偏大。为此,提出基于激光干涉仪的高精度数控机床定位误差检测方法。基于机床平动轴垂直度误差,引入齐次坐标变换与多体系统理论,以获取刀尖点空间定位误差,从而构建空间定位误差模型。通过双轴协同运动轨迹的定位精度实测数据,建立方程组反演轴系垂直度误差,并定义悬垂度,以评估其对空间定位精度的影响,从而检测高精度数控机床定位误差。结果表明,该方法计算的动态定位误差与实际最大绝对偏差为0.12m,无异常值点,且传感器计量误差的误判率低于0.45%,均优于对比方法。
During the motion of a machine tool,the geometric errors caused by spindle thermal deformation are relatively small and exhibit time-varying characteristics.Traditional static calibration methods,which rely on forward error propagation modeling,result in larger positioning errors of the machine tool.To address this issue,a high-precision positioning error detection method for CNC machine tools based on a laser interferometer is proposed.Based on the perpendicularity errors of the translational axes of the machine tool,homogeneous coordinate transformation and multi-body system theory are introduced to obtain the spatial positioning error of the tool tip point,thereby constructing a spatial positioning error model.Using the measured positioning accuracy data from the coordinated motion trajectories of two axes,a system of equations is established to inversely derive the perpendicularity errors of the axis system.Additionally,sag is defined to evaluate its impact on spatial positioning accuracy,thereby enabling the detection of positioning errors in high-precision CNC machine tools.The results indicate that the dynamic positioning error calculated by this method has a maximum absolute deviation of 0.12 m from the actual value,with no outlier points,and the misjudgment rate of sensor measurement errors is below 0.45%,which is superior to the comparative method.
作者
牛凌宇
NIU Lingyu(Shaanxi Xiecheng Testing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710016,China)
出处
《自动化应用》
2025年第16期245-248,共4页
Automation Application
关键词
激光干涉仪
数控机床
定位误差
齐次坐标
悬垂度
laser interferometer
CNC machine tool
positioning error
homogeneous coordinate
sag
作者简介
牛凌宇,女,1996年生,助理工程师,研究方向为数控机床的动态性能检定。
