摘要
为了解现阶段我国过鱼设施建设情况及存在问题,基于生态环境部近年来水电项目的环评审批文件,对我国过鱼设施建设情况进行统计分析。统计的2011~2023年243个水电项目中,有113个水电项目建设了过鱼设施,其中54个采用鱼道过鱼,22个采用集运鱼系统过鱼,21个采用升鱼机过鱼,16个采用组合方式过鱼。针对过鱼设施建设不足、过鱼效果不佳、监测和维护匮乏、法律法规缺失等问题,提出结合水力学和生物学加强过鱼效果研究、开展已有过鱼设施长期监测与定期维护、因地制宜加快配套现有闸坝建筑物过鱼设施、加强北方流域过鱼设施设计与建设研究、开展跨越小型闸坝、公路桥涵的过鱼设施研究等相应的建议和对策,为过鱼设施运行和管理提供指导。
In order to understand the current situation and existing problems of fish passage facilities construction in China,based on the environmental impact assessment approval documents of hydropower projects issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment in recent years,a statistical analysis was conducted on the construction of fish passage facili-ties in China.Among the 243 hydropower projects counted from 2011 to 2023,113 hydropower projects have built fish passage facilities,of which 54 utilize fishways for fish passage,22 utilize centralized fish transportation systems,21 uti-lize fish elevators,and 16 employ combination methods.In response to the problems of insufficient construction of fish passage facilities,poor fish passage effects,lack of monitoring and maintenance,and lack of laws and regulations,the corresponding suggestions and countermeasures are proposed to strengthen the research on fish passage effects by combi-ning hydraulics and biology,carry out long-term monitoring and regular maintenance of existing fish passage facilities,accelerate the matching of fish passage facilities with existing gate and dam buildings according to local conditions,strengthen the research and development of fish passage facilities in northern river basins,and carry out research on fish passage facilities that span small gates,dams,highways,bridges and culverts,which provides guidance for the operation and management of fish passage facilities.
作者
房钰贺
闫滨
高真伟
李玉源
FANG Yu-he;YAN Bin;GAO Zhen-wei;LI Yu-yuan(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)
出处
《水电能源科学》
北大核心
2025年第8期162-165,共4页
Water Resources and Power
关键词
过鱼设施
建设情况
过鱼效果
水利水电工程
fish passage facility
construction situation
passage effect
water resources and hydropower engineering
作者简介
房钰贺(2001-),男,博士研究生,研究方向为生态水利、过鱼设施,E-mail:fang@stu.syau.edu.cn;通讯作者:闫滨(1972-),女,教授、博导,研究方向为生态水利,E-mail:yanb2020@syau.edu.cn。
