摘要
秦岭黑河是西安市主要水源地,其水生生态环境直接影响西安市乃至周边地区的社会稳定与可持续性发展。为分析秦岭黑河鱼类群落结构特征及其历史变化,揭示生态环境改变对鱼类群落的影响,本研究结合历史资料和实地调查,于2018年和2019年的1月、5月、7月和11月对黑河流域进行调查。研究共采集鱼类7020尾,隶属3目5科16属17种,其中鲤形目(Cypriniformes)最多,占种类总数的82.35%。在生态类型方面,产黏性卵、杂食性和底栖性鱼类在黑河鱼类中占多数,分别为总种类数的76.47%、64.71%和64.71%。流域中鱼类优势种为拉氏鱥(Phoxinus lagowskii)和麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)。鱼类多样性指数范围分别为物种数(S)(12~17)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)(1.55~1.88)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)(0.56~0.66)和Margalef丰富度指数(D)(1.54~2.15),同时通常夏季鱼类多样性指数最高。通过聚类分析和NMDS分析可得,黑河鱼类可划分为Ⅰ~Ⅲ共3个群落,其中群落Ⅰ由水库生境鱼类组成,群落Ⅱ和Ⅲ由峡谷生境鱼类组成。ABC曲线分析显示,不同季节中数量优势度曲线都高于生物量优势度曲线,W统计值范围为-0.146~-0.181,秋季最高,其次为冬季和春季,夏季最低。与历史资料相比,2010年代和20世纪80年代的鱼类调查结果相似性指数为中等不相似(0.46)。研究结果表明,秦岭黑河流域鱼类群落结构发生了显著变化,推测水库建设和生境破坏是导致其变化的主要原因。
As the main source water supply of Xi’an city,the aquatic environment of the Heihe River directly affects the stability and sustainable development of the city and its surrounding area.To analyze the fish assemblage characteristics and historical change of the Heihe River and reveal the effect of ecologic environment change on fish assemblages,a field investigation of fish assemblage was carried out in January,May,July.and November of 2018-2019.A total of 7020 individuals from 17 species were collected,belonging to 16 genera,5families,and 3 orders.Cypriniformes were dominant,accounting for 82.35%of the total species.Regarding ecological guilds,fish egg sticky,omnivorous,and demersal species dominated the Heihe River,accounting for 76.47%,64.71%,and 64.71%of the total species,respectively.Dominant species were Phoxinus lagowskii(IRI=0.5559)and Pseudorasbora parva(IRI=0.1019).The number of species(S)ranged from 12 to 17,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)ranged from 1.55 to 1.88,the Pielou evenness index(J)ranged from 0.56 to 0.66,and the Margalef species richness index(D)ranged from 1.54 to 2.15.Meanwhile,the fish biodiversity index reached its highest value in summer.Through cluster analysis and anon-metric multidimensional scaling analysis,it was shown that the fish community in Heihe River could be divided into three groups,Ⅰ-Ⅲ.Of these,GroupⅠwas composed entirely of fish in the Jinpen Reservoir and GroupsⅡandⅢcomprised fish in the canyon environment.The k-dominance curves of abundance were above either of the biomass curves,and the W-statistic values were between-0.146 and-0.181 in four seasons.In addition,compared with the historical data,the similarity index between 2010s and 1980s was moderately dissimilar(0.46).The results suggests that the community structure of fish species in the Heihe River,Qinling,has changed significantly.Artificial drainage system construction and habitat destruction are potential underlying reasons for the observed shifts in the fish assemblages.
作者
边坤
张建禄
苟妮娜
靳铁治
郭林文
王开锋
BIAN Kun;ZHANG Jianlu;GOU Nina;JIN Tiezhi;GUO Linwen;WANG Kaifeng(Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation,Shaanxi Institute of Zoology,Xi’an 710032,China;Ningdong Forestry Bureau,Xi’an 710100,China)
出处
《中国水产科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第8期1210-1222,共13页
Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2017SF-395)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018NY-108)
陕西省科学院科技计划项目(2018K-10)
关键词
鱼类群落
生态类型
历史变化
黑河
fish assemblage
ecological type
historical changes
Heihe River
作者简介
边坤(1985-),男,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事动物生态学研究.E-mail:biankun@ms.xab.ac.cn;通信作者:王开锋,研究员.E-mail:wangkf@ms.xab.ac.cn
