摘要
露天秸秆焚烧是导致我国大气重污染事件频发的重要原因之一,这使得焚烧管控和禁烧政策的制定与实施引起高度关注。系统梳理了农业发达国家的秸秆焚烧污染时空演变特征,对比不同国家的立法进程与管控政策实施效果,回顾历史相似气象条件下我国东北地区秸秆焚烧污染跨海传输的影响,从法律法规、气象研判、综合利用等多个层面归纳总结我国可借鉴的先进经验。在此基础上,从大气污染防治角度提出出台专项禁烧管理法律法规、完善考核标准体系、制定分区气象指数计算方法、加强限烧区焚烧活动规范化管控和秸秆供热发电研究等具体建议,旨在以秸秆资源化高效利用为最终处理手段,对标空气质量持续改善行动计划,分阶段制定最大许可焚烧量,保障基本消除重污染天气的目标的实现。
Open-air straw burning is one of the important reasons for frequent heavy air pollution incidents in China,making the formulation and implementation of burning control and prohibition policies a matter of high concern.This paper systematically reviews the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of straw burning pollution in developed agricultural countries worldwide,compares the legislative processes and effectiveness of control policies in different countries,and examines the historical impact of cross-sea transportation of straw burning pollution from Northeast China under similar meteorological conditions.It summarizes advanced experiences that China can learn from in terms of laws and regulations,meteorological analysis,comprehensive utilization and other aspects.Based on the perspective of air pollution prevention and control,it is proposed to introduce a special law on prohibition of burning,improve the assessment standard system,develop regional meteorological index calculation methods,strengthen the standardized control of burning in restricted burning areas,and research on straw heating and power generation.The aim is to regard the effective utilization of straw resources as the ultimate disposal method,align with the continuous air quality improvement action plan,phase in maximum permitted burning quotas,and ensure the achievement of the goal of basically eliminating heavy pollution weather.
作者
侯露
汪巍
刘冰
高愈霄
HOU Lu;WANG Wei;LIU Bing;GAO Yuxiao(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring,China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《中国环境监测》
北大核心
2025年第4期1-11,共11页
Environmental Monitoring in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3705504)。
关键词
秸秆焚烧
农业发达国家
污染防治
焚烧管控
straw burning
agricultural developed countries
pollution control
burning control
作者简介
第一作者:侯露(1996-),女,天津人,硕士,工程师。
