马克思财产权批判视域下第三次分配的经济逻辑与制度重构

Economic Logic and System Reconstruction of the Third Distribution from the Perspective of Marx’s Criticism of Property Rights

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摘要马克思财产权批判理论通过解构所有权、使用权与分配权的辩证关系,揭示了资本主义私有制下异化劳动与剩余价值剥削的本质矛盾,为解析社会主义初级阶段财产权制度重构提供了理论框架。第三次分配的经济逻辑在剩余价值社会化进程中展现出与马克思财产权批判的深层耦合:财产权能分离机制通过慈善捐赠的产权转移、公益信托的财产社会化以及制度化保障等路径,实现了分配体系从资本积累逻辑向共享发展逻辑的结构性调适,这一过程既体现了分配正义的价值诉求,又彰显了社会主义市场经济体制的制度优势。在共同富裕的目标导向下,第三次分配的制度重构需要以工具理性与价值理性的协同演进为价值基点,通过法治保障、政策激励与数字治理构建政府、市场与社会多元共治的治理框架,创新财富流动机制并提升社会再分配效能,最终形成物质富裕与精神富裕相统一的发展格局。这一理论探索不仅拓展了马克思主义政治经济学在当代分配领域的解释维度,也为中国特色社会主义财产权制度的创新性发展提供了实践路向。 Marx’s critical theory of property rights reveals the essential contradiction between alienated labor and exploitation of surplus value under capitalist private ownership by deconstructing the dialectical relationship between ownership,use,and distribution rights,providing a theoretical framework for analyzing the reconstruction of the property rights system in the primary stage of socialism.The economic logic of the third distribution demonstrates a deep coupling with Marx’s critique of property rights in the process of surplus value socialization:the mechanism of separation of property rights achieves structural adjustment of the distribution system from the logic of capital accumulation to the logic of shared development through the transfer of property rights through charitable donations,the socialization of public trust property,and institutionalized guarantees.This process not only reflects the value demands of distribution justice,but also highlights the institutional advantages of the socialist market economy system.Under the guidance of the goal of common prosperity,the institutional reconstruction of the third distribution needs to take the coordinated evolution of instrumental rationality and value rationality as the value basis,and construct a governance framework of government,market,and social diversity through legal protection,policy incentives,and digital governance.Innovative wealth flow mechanisms and enhanced social redistribution efficiency will ultimately form a development pattern that unifies material and spiritual prosperity.This theoretical exploration not only expands the explanatory dimension of Marxist political economy in the contemporary distribution field,but also provides a practical direction for the innovative development of the socialist property rights system with Chinese characteristics.

作者马俊峰马强 MA Jun-feng;MA Qiang(School of Marxism,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Marxism,Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区西北师范大学马克思主义学院昆明医科大学马克思主义学院

出处《经济问题》北大核心 2025年第9期1-9,共9页 On Economic Problems

基金国家社会科学基金项目“网络空间中高校思想政治理论课叙事话语建构研究”阶段性成果(21VSZ127) 甘肃省科技厅项目“数智视域下科普基地的社会记忆与文化功能研究”(24CXKA008)。

关键词财产权第三次分配资本主义私有制共同富裕 property rights the third distribution capitalist private ownership common prosperity

分类号 F124.7 [经济管理—世界经济]

作者简介马俊峰,西北师范大学马克思主义学院教授,博士生导师,研究方向:马克思主义哲学与政治哲学、马克思主义政治经济学;通讯作者:马强,西北师范大学马克思主义学院博士研究生,昆明医科大学马克思主义学院讲师,研究方向:马克思主义基本原理、马克思主义政治经济学。