摘要
准确认识中美两国玉米国际竞争力差距,对提升中国粮食支持政策的精准性与指向性起着至关重要的引领作用。本文利用2013--2023年中美玉米生产数据,构建基于销售价格、生产成本和单产的三维粮食国际竞争力评估框架,比较分析中美玉米国际竞争力,结果表明:①中国玉米销售价格、生产成本和单产的国际竞争力劣势明显,从变化趋势来看,玉米销售价格差距再次扩大,生产成本和单产差距逐渐缩小。②中美玉米生产成本结构存在较大差异,相较于美国,中国玉米的人工成本和土地成本更高,物质与服务费用更低。③从玉米成本变化趋势看,人工成本和物质与服务费用是缩小中美.玉米生产成本差距的重要因素,土地成本是扩大中美玉米生产成本差距的强大推力。未来,应当多举措提高农业规模经营水平、提高农业机械化和科技水平、宏微观全面发力降低农资价格、建立健全支持农业规模经营发展的支持政策体系、加强农田水利和高标准农田建设。
An accurate understanding of the gap bet ween the international competitiveness of corn in China and the U.S.plays a crucial leading role in enhancing the precision and directionality of China's food support poli-cies.This paper uses 20132023 corn production data from China and the U.S.to construct a three-dimen-sional food international competitiveness assessment framework based on sales price,production cost and yield,and to comparatively analyze the international competitiveness of corn in China and the U.S..The re-sults show that:①China's international competitiveness disadvantages in terms of corn sales price,produc-tion cost and yield are obvious,and in terms of the trend of change,the gap in corn sales price widens again,and the gap in produetion The production cost and yield gap is gradually narrowing.②There is a large differ-ence in the cost structure of corn production between China and the U.S..Compared to the U.S,China has higher corn labor and land costs and lower material and service costs.③From the view of the trends in corn costs,corn labor costs and material and service costs are important factors in nartowing the U.S.-China corn production cost gap,and land costs are a strong driving force in widening the U.S.-China corn production cost gap.In the future,more initiatives should be taken to improve the level of large-scale agricultural opera-tions,improve the level of Chi nese agricultural mechanization and science and technology,make comprehen-sive efforts to reduce agricultural prices at the macro and micro levels,establish a sound policy system to sup-port the development of large-scale agricultural operation,strengthen agricultural water conservancy and high standard fa rmland construction.
作者
丁永潮
吕开宇
姜小鱼
DING Yongchao;LV Kaiyu;JIANG Xiaoyu
出处
《世界农业》
2025年第9期54-64,共11页
World Agriculture
基金
中国博士后科学基金“政策组合视角下玉米国际竞争力提升:效应评估、路径识别与策略优化”(2024M753606)
国家粮食和物资储备局软科学课题“粮价倒挂下中美巴玉米与大豆国际竞争力比较分析及中国应对策略研究”(GLRKX2025072)
国家资助博士后研究人员计划“农地适度规模经营与粮食安全协同的困境及路径研究”(GZC20233088)
国家自然科学基金项目“玉米临储政策取消背景下粮食种植:户群体适应性调整及演化研究”(71973138)
中国社会科学院博士后创新项目“农业雇工对种粮规模户土地产出率的影响研究”
中国博士后科学基金“地缘政治角力下中国农业对外投资空间选择:理论逻辑、格局特征与优化路径”(2024M753577).
关键词
玉米
国际竞争力
销售价格
生产成本
单产
Corn
International Competitiveness
Sales Prices
Production Costs
Yields
作者简介
丁永潮(1991-),男,安徽宿州人,博士,研究方向为农业经济理论与政策研究;吕开宇(1975-),男,江苏无锡人,博士,研究员,研究方向为农村发展和公共政策研究;通信作者:姜小鱼(1995-),女,山东潍坊人,博士,研究方向为农业经济理论与政策、农业国际合作,E-mail:jiangxiaoyu@aas cn.
