摘要
在“资本—劳动”的现代化规律背后还蕴藏着时间的尺度。现代化的进程也包含着时间生产和时间的抽象统治过程。围绕剩余劳动时间向剩余价值和自由时间转化的张力,形成了不同文明区别的时间向度。资本主义现代化模式通过资本和雇佣劳动建立了以“窃取”劳动者剩余劳动时间为本质的资本文明。资本主义现代化模式中的劳动者虽然创造了大量剩余劳动时间,但它却在生产、消费、分配、交换、流通的总体生产环节中被资本家“窃取”了。资本文明由于“窃取”的本质,具有不可调和的内在矛盾,使其发展既有限度也不持久,并形成一个既使人异化又使社会悖论式发展的文明图景。通过对资本文明的批判比较,可以历史地把握住中国式现代化及其创造的人类文明新形态,不仅使劳动时间里的劳动具有了一定程度的自由自主活动的可能,还使得剩余劳动时间的生产内置于解放和发展生产力的历史自觉进程,从而实现了人们自由时间的最大限度获得。
domination of temporality.The tension between the transformation of surplus labor time into surplus value and free time shapes distinct temporal orientations across different civilizations.The capitalist model of modernization,built upon capital and wage labor,establishes a civilization fundamentally rooted in the“stealing”of laborers'surplus labor time.Although laborers in this system generate amounts of surplus labor time,it is systematically“stolen”by capitalists across the entire production cycle,encompassing production,consumption,distribution,exchange,and circulation.Due to this“stealing”nature,capital civilization harbors irreconcilable internal contradictions,rendering its development both limited and unsustainable,while fostering a civilizational paradigm that simultaneously alienates individuals and propels society into a paradoxical progress.Through a critical comparison of capitalist civilization,it is possible to grasp historically that Chinese modernization and the creation of a new model for human progress have not only made it possible for labor to have a certain degree of freedom and autonomy of activity during working hours,but also made it possible to internalize the production of surplus working hours into a historically conscious process of emancipation and development of the productive forces,and thus to achieve the maximum acquisition of people's free time.
出处
《上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第8期39-53,78,共16页
Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“海外习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究状况与分析”(24&ZD004)
上海市教育发展基金会和上海市教育委员会“晨光计划”项目“中国式现代化视域下人工智能对劳动解放的促进研究”(23CGA04)。
关键词
资本文明
中国式现代化
人类文明新形态
自由时间
剩余劳动时间
capital civilization
Chinese modernization
a new form of human civilization
free time
surplus labor time
作者简介
刘伟兵,清华大学马克思主义学院副教授(北京,100084)。
