摘要
不同于传统产品生产型企业间竞争,平台竞争是基于用户、注意力、数据、算法等因素的赢家通吃式动态竞争和组织竞争。由此产生的平台企业垄断存在三个层次:特定相关市场上的横向垄断平台;纵向一体化和跨行业扩张的大型垄断性平台复合体;以特定基础平台为核心的层级嵌套式平台生态系统。大型平台复合体借助数字技术实现平台业务与金融业务的融合,加强了平台实施垄断行为、巩固垄断地位的动机。稳定且丰厚的金融利润支持平台复合体跨行业经营与大规模并购,与平台业务的垄断相互促进、相互巩固,造成了金融风险的扩大化、集中化和隐蔽化。平台经济治理不应只针对横向平台市场垄断进行规制,还应构建科学高效的监管与治理体系,约束平台跨行业市场势力和防止资本无序扩张,限制大型平台复合体对小平台的大举收购,遏制平台垄断和金融融合对竞争与创新、消费者权益与金融稳定性的综合损害。
In contrast to the traditional competition forms among manufacturing firms,platform competition is dynamic and organizational competition based on users,users’attention,data and algorithm.There exist three levels of monopoly which grow out of platform competition:1.Horizontal monopoly on certain relevant markets;2.Monopolistic platform conglomerates based on vertical integration and cross-sector expansion;3.Hierarchically nested platform ecosystem centered around specific fundamental platforms.On the other hand,platform conglomerates may leverage platform envelopment and data envelopment into the financial services sector,achieve convergence of platform businesses and financial businesses by using digital technologies like big data and blockchain.Rich and stable financial profits support the cross-sector expansions and M&A activities of platform conglomerates.Financial services and platform services complement and reinforce each other,forming more entrenched monopoly position and power,as well as expanding,centralizing and concealing financial risks.Supervision and governance of the platform economy sector should not be limited to antitrust prosecution and enforcement.The authority should also build scientific and comprehensive regulation systems specially designed for the new competition and monopoly forms in the platform economy.This should include regulative measures and arrangements to limit the cross-market power of platforms and prevent platforms from expanding disorderly,restrain the massive M&A activities of big platform conglomerates with smaller or innovative start-up platforms,and deter monopoly and financialized platforms from harming competition,innovation,consumer rights and financial stability.
作者
谢富胜
吴越
XIE Fusheng;WU Yue(Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
出处
《经济学动态》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第10期34-47,共14页
Economic Perspectives
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论体系研究”(21&ZD070)
关键词
平台经济
平台竞争
三重垄断
平台—金融复合体
Platform Economy
Platform Competition
Three Levels of Monopoly
Platform-finance Conglomerates
作者简介
谢富胜,中国人民大学经济学院、中国人民大学全国中国特色社会主义政治经济学研究中心,邮政编码:100872,电子邮箱:xiefusheng@ruc.edu.cn;吴越,中国人民大学经济学院,邮政编码:100872,电子邮箱:wuyue1997@ruc.edu.cn。
