欧战与梁启超中华民族认同的深化

The First World War and the Deepening of Liang Qichao's Chinese National Identity

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摘要 20世纪20年代是中华民族共同体意识觉醒的重要时期。其间,1921—1923年正是国共酝酿第一次合作和即将掀起国民大革命浪潮的关键时间点,争取“中华民族伟大解放”是两党共同的奋斗目标。而欧战后梁启超重新审视中西文化,尤其是在认真考察了欧洲民族矛盾与大战间内在联系的基础上,恰于同一时间点,从“国性”说转向“论中华民族”,不仅在近代史上第一次指出了“中华民族乃世界奇迹”之“其然”,而且探讨了“其所以然”,深刻地概括了中华民族的特质与优长。其努力提振国民的民族自信力,与时代潮流正相契合。同时,梁启超作为近代民族史研究的开创者,欧战后其中华民族认同的深化,归根结底,表现为他率先自觉地将对中华民族作为整体的学术研究,与国人为争取中华民族解放而奋斗的客观实践相统一。 The 1920s marked a crucial period for the awakening of the sense of community for the Chinese nation.During this time,particularly between 1921 and 1923—a pivotal juncture when the First Kuomintang-Communist Cooperation was being forged and the tidal wave of the Nationalist Revolution was imminent—the pursuit of the“great liberation of the Chinese nation”became a shared objective for both parties.Concurrently,Liang Qichao,having re-examined Chinese and Western cultures in the aftermath of the First World War and carefully studied the intrinsic connection between European nation conflicts and the war,shifted his focus to“expounding the Chinese nation”precisely at this historical moment.Liang Qichao not only articulated the“what”that“the Chinese nation is a miracle of the world”for the first time in modern history,but also delved into the“why”,offering a profound synthesis of its distinctive characteristics and inherent strengths.His efforts to bolster national confidence resonated with the spirit of times.Furthermore,as a pioneer in modern Chinese national historiography,Liang Qichao's deepened engagement with Chinese national identity in the aftermath of the First World War ultimately epitomized his groundbreaking and self-conscious scholarly endeavor to theorize the Chinese nation as an indivisible whole,and his scholarly research was consciously integrated with the people's tangible struggles for the great liberation of the Chinese nation.

作者郑师渠 ZHENG Shiqu(Center for Studies of Historical Theory and Historiography,Research Base for Fostering a Strong Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation,BNU,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区北京师范大学史学理论与史学史研究中心、铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地

出处《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》北大核心 2025年第4期5-19,共15页 Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基金国家社会科学基金“铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究专项”重大项目“近代中华民族共同体意识的觉醒”(21VMZ005)。

关键词梁启超中华民族认同欧战 Liang Qichao the Chinese nation identity the First World War

分类号 K25 [历史地理—中国史]

作者简介郑师渠,历史学博士,北京师范大学史学理论与史学史研究中心、铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地教授。