摘要
花粉作为植物雄性生殖细胞的载体,蕴含该物种的成套单倍体核基因组信息。花粉长期保存对于植物学研究、作物育种、农业生产和植物遗传多样性保护具有重要意义。在植物学研究领域,保存完好的花粉是揭示植物生殖生物学、遗传学和进化机制的重要材料;在作物育种中,可有效解决亲本花期不遇、异地杂交等难题,拓宽育种亲本选择范围,加速优良品种选育进程;从农业生产层面看,有助于保障农作物授粉质量与产量稳定性;就植物遗传多样性保护来说,能够保存珍稀濒危植物的遗传资源,避免其因自然因素或人为干扰而丧失基因多样性。本文总结了影响花粉生活力的因素及测定方法,探讨了花粉干燥保存、低温保存、超低温保存和有机溶剂保存技术的研究进展。文章还分析了这些技术在植物育种和遗传资源保护中的应用,同时提出未来的研究方向,为推动花粉保存技术创新提供参考。
Pollen,serving as the essential carrier of plant male reproductive cells,encapsulates a complete set of haploid nuclear genomic information specific to a given plant species.The long-term preservation of pollen holds immense significance for botanical research,crop breeding,agricultural production,and the conservation of plant genetic diversity.In the field of botany,well-preserved pollen is an important material to reveal the mechanism of plant reproductive biology,genetics and evolution.In crop breeding,it can effectively solve the problems of parents'flowering period and off-site hybridization,broaden the selection range of breeding parents,and accelerate the breeding process of excellent varieties.From the perspective of agricultural production,it is helpful to ensure the quality and yield stability of crop pollination.As far as the protection of plant genetic diversity is concerned,it can preserve the genetic resources of rare and endangered plants and avoid the loss of genetic diversity due to natural factors or human disturbance.This article comprehensively reviews the factors affecting pollen viability and the methods for its detection.It also summarizes the research advancements in pollen preservation techniques,such as drying,low-temperature,ultra-low temperature,and organic solvent storage methods.The authors further analyze the applications of pollen preservation in plant breeding and genetic resource conservation and deliberate on the prospects of future research.The aim is to offer a reference for promoting innovation in pollen preservation technologies.
作者
刘晓娜
王培国
贾鸿昌
梁昕
姜丽伟
孙佰全
孙艳辉
夏灵石
张金梅
韩天富
LIU Xiaona;WANG Peiguo;JIA Hongchang;LIANG Xin;JIANG Liwei;SUN Baiquan;SUN Yanhui;XIA Lingshi;ZHANG Jinmei;HAN Tianfu(College of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030;National Nanfan Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572024,Hainan;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Heihe Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Heihe 164399;Heihe Municipal Center of Agricultural and Rural Service,Heihe 164399,Heilongjiang)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期1708-1718,共11页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1201300)
三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院“南繁专项”(YBXM2428)。
关键词
花粉
生活力
保存技术
遗传资源
pollen
vitality
preservation techniques
genetic resource
作者简介
第一作者:刘晓娜,研究方向为大豆分子育种,E-mail:liuxiaona112600@163.com;通信作者:韩天富,研究方向为大豆育种技术创新与新品种选育,E-mail:hantianfu@caas.cn。
