摘要
西尼罗热(West Nile fever,WNF)是一种人兽共患病,目前国内尚未有相关病例报道,因此加强WNF监测尤为重要。为了解不同检测方法研究进展,掌握每种方法的优势与不足,对WNF病原学和抗体检测技术进行了系统分析。病原学检测技术方面:病毒分离是疫情确诊不可或缺的,可为疫病防控提供物质基础:核酸检测是疫情确诊的主要技术,包含PCR、等温扩增、核酸测序等,其敏感性高、特异性强、结果准确,可有效鉴别西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus,WNV)与黄病毒科其他成员:抗原检测因存在交叉反应,特异性较差,不推荐用于疫情确诊。抗体检测技术方面:ELISA敏感性较高,但存在交叉反应,影响了抗体检测的准确性:斑块减少中和试验(PRNT)是WNV抗体检测金标准,可用于WNV抗体阳性确诊,但成本高、耗时久。未来需要开发能够有效区分黄病毒科其他成员的商品化ELISA方法,既能有效提高检测效率,又能保障检测结果准确,为WNF防控提供有力技术支持。
West Nile fever(WNF)is a zoonotic disease,particularly requiring intensive monitoring,as no relevant case has been reported in China.In order to identify the advances in its detection methods,and to evaluate their strengths and shortcomings,pathogen detection and serological assays were systematically analyzed.For pathogen detection:virus isolation was indispensable for disease confirmation,providing physical materials for disease prevention and control;nucleic acid detection was a key diagnostic tool,including PCR assay,isothermal amplification,nucleic acid sequencing,etc.,characterized by high sensitivity,strong specificity and accurate results,by which,West Nile virus(WNV)could be effectively differentiated from other members of theflavivirus family;antigen detection was not recommended for disease confirmation due to poor specificity caused by cross-reactivity.For antibody detection:ELISA was highly sensitive,but compromised accuracy due to crossreactivity;plaque reduction neutralization test(PRNT)was considered as a gold standard for WNV antibody detection,and could be used for WNV antibody confirmation,though it was costly and time-consuming.Therefore,it was critical to develop the commercial ELISA kits capable of distinguishing WNV from other members of theflavivirus family,which would not only improve detection efficiency,but also ensure accurate results,strongly supporting WNF prevention and control.
作者
刘春菊
迟田英
刘珊
韩秀琚
于小静
任炜杰
李金明
王志亮
Liu Chunju;Chi Tianying;Liu Shan;Han Xiuju;Yu Xiaojing;Ren Weijie;Li Jinming;Wang Zhiliang(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China)
出处
《中国动物检疫》
2025年第8期78-85,共8页
China Animal Health Inspection
作者简介
刘春菊,同等贡献作者;迟田英,同等贡献作者;通信作者:王志亮,E-mail:wangzhiliang@cahec.cn。
