摘要
石坂宗哲是日本江户后期主张“汉兰折衷”的针灸名家,提倡吸收荷兰传入的西医学知识以解释传统中医学理论。其“汉兰折衷”的学术思想有逐渐演变的过程:早期尝试“汉兰折衷”时仍以传统中医理论为主、西医学知识为辅;到后来开始否定经络体系;最终发展为否定阴阳五行的认识方法,用西医学知识重新建构中医学的理论体系,将中医藏象、经络体系解释为西医解剖学的器官和脉管。石坂宗哲虽高举尊崇经典的旗号,但其“汉兰折衷”的实质是“以兰代汉”。在此认识下,石坂宗哲认为针刺的治疗效应是神经的反应,针刺治疗的对象是脉管,补法时使用微针,泻法时使用锋针、铍针和三棱针,虚甚而脉陷之人用灸法,并且不主张临床上使用各种复杂的针刺手法。文章可为研究日本医学发展史和古代针灸流派提供参考,并引发传统医学如何在当代更好传承和发展的思考。
Ishizaka Sotetsu was a famous acupuncture practitioner in the late Edo period of Japan who advocated“Kan-Ran Eclecticism”,advocating the absorption of Western medicine knowledge introduced from the Netherlands to interpret traditional Chinese medicine theories.His academic thought of“Kan-Ran Eclecticism”has gradually evolved:in his early attempts,“Kan-Ran Eclecticism”was still based on traditional Chinese medicine theories,supplemented by Western medical knowledge;later he began to deny the meridian system;and eventually it developed into denying the method of understanding Yin-Yang and the Five Elements,reconstructed the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine knowledge,and interpreted the Zang-Xiang theory and meridian system of traditional Chinese medicine as the organs and blood vessels of anatomy.While Ishizaka Sotetsu raised the banner of respecting the classics,the essence of“Kan-Ran Eclecticism”is“replacing Kanpo medicine with Ranpo medicine”.Based on this understanding,Ishizaka Sotetsu believed that the therapeutic effect of acupuncture was a neurological response,that acupuncture was directed at blood vessels.Micro-needles were used for tonic treatment and sharp needles,beryllium needle and three-edged needles were used for purgative treatment,people who are extremely weak with sunken vessels should use moxibustion,and various clinically complex acupuncture techniques were not recommended.The article can provide a reference for the study of the development history of Japanese medicine and ancient acupuncture and moxibustion schools,and trigger the thinking on how to better inherit and develop traditional medicine in contemporary times.
作者
吕国安
刘鹏
Lyu Guoan;Liu Peng(College of Chinese Medicine,Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China;Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006,China)
出处
《亚太传统医药》
2025年第8期1-5,共5页
Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine
关键词
日本针灸
石坂宗哲
石坂流
汉兰折衷
Japanese Acupuncture
Ishizaka Sotetsu
Ishizaka School
Kan-Ran Eclecticism
作者简介
吕国安(1990-),男,广州中医药大学博士研究生,香港中文大学讲师,主治中医师,研究方向为古籍文献整理、中医经典与古典针法的临床运用;通讯作者:刘鹏(1982-),男,博士,广州中医药大学教授,博士生导师,研究方向为中医学术史、中医药文化和古籍文献整理。E-mail:wenxianliupeng@163.com。
