论《黄帝内经》针刺疗法之刺血与调气的发展演变与理论形成

Evolution and theoretical formation of blood-letting and qi-regulating techniques in Huangdi Neijing acupuncture therapy

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摘要刺脉放血与刺分调气是《黄帝内经》两大重要刺法,二者不仅形成于不同的针石技术背景下,而且施治部位、作用机制,以及形成的相关理论皆有所差异。刺脉放血起源于“砭石启脉”,并被镵针、锋针、铍针等早期金属针具所继承;刺分调气则成熟于金属针具高度发展时期,毫针成为九针的主体。刺血法与调气法分别施治于血脉与肌分两种组织,并形成不同的理论内容。从刺血法到调气法的过渡,体现了针石医学的核心理念从有形之血到无形之气的演变过程。溯源、辨析这两种刺法的形成演变与理论形成,不仅可以清晰认识针刺疗法核心理论的实质内涵,亦可对当代针刺效应机制及经脉生物学实质的研究产生重要启示。 Blood-letting by puncturing veins and qi-regulating by filiform needles are two important acupuncture techniques in the Huangdi Neijing.These two acupuncture methods not only emerged at different stages of the development of acupuncture,but also differ in the areas treated,mechanisms of action,and the associated theoretical frameworks that have been developed.Blood-letting by puncturing veins originated from the medical practice of‘stone needles to invigorate the meridians’and was inherited by early metal needles such as the scalpel needle,pointed needle,and sword needles,etc..Qi-regulating by filiform needles matured during the period of highly developed metal needles,where filiform needles became the main body of the nine needles.Blood-letting method and qi-regulating method are respectively applied to blood vessels and fascia,then they have developed into two major theoretical systems.The transition from blood-letting to qi-regulating also reflects the evolution of the core concepts of acupuncture from tangible blood to intangible qi.Tracing back and analyzing the formation,evolution,and theoretical development of these two acupuncture methods can not only provide a clear understanding of the essential connotations of the core theories of acupuncture therapy,but also offer important insights into the research on the mechanisms of contemporary acupuncture effects and the biological essence of meridians.

作者杨佩诗贺娟 YANG Peishi;HE Juan(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 102400,China)

机构地区北京中医药大学中医学院

出处《中华中医药杂志》北大核心 2025年第5期2205-2210,共6页 China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基金国家社会科学基金重大项目(No.21&ZD349)。

关键词《黄帝内经》放血疗法毫针刺法血脉筋膜刺血法调气法针刺 Huangdi Neijing Blood-letting therapy Technique of filiform needle acupuncture Blood vessels Fascia Blood-letting method Qi-regulating method Acupuncture

分类号 R245 [医药卫生—针灸推拿学]

作者简介通信作者:贺娟,北京市房山区良乡大学城北京中医药大学中医学院,邮编:102400,E-mail:hejuan6428@sina.com。