摘要
随着平台经济的发展,新就业形态以“平台依托、技术驱动、形式灵活”为典型特征,对传统劳动法以“从属性”为核心要件的标准劳动关系形成挑战;其职业形态也从传统服务型岗位,延伸至知识型、创意型岗位以及自主创业等多元类型。在此背景下,劳动关系与劳务关系的法律界限渐趋模糊,其中网约配送员劳动关系认定争议尤为突出,成为理论界与实务界的研究焦点。平台经济领域劳动用工模式呈现多元化、碎片化特征,因现行劳动法律体系存在规制空白,劳动关系的确认无法可依。加之不同案件的事实和举证情况纷繁复杂,我国司法裁判中出现了多样的认定标准和裁判倾向。部分法院甚至突破“劳动从属性”的判断标准,将从业者经济依赖程度、平台企业社会责任等因素纳入考量。为有效破解“类案不类判”的司法困境,亟须构建契合新业态特征的精准裁判标准与指标体系。本研究在“统一法律适用、实现司法公正、实施类案类判”的原则指导下,选取360个司法裁判案件作为实证分析样本,分别从类案识别和类案类判两个维度进行论述,以期对法律法规和司法解释的完善提出合理化的建议,构建科学、可持续的网约配送员身份认定规范体系与权益保障机制。
With the development of the platform economy,new forms of employment,characterized by"platform reliance,technological drive,and fl exible forms",challenge the standard labor relations in traditional labor law,which take"subordination"as the core element.Their occupational forms have also extended from traditional service positions to diverse types such as knowledge-based,creative positions,and self-employment.Against this backdrop,the legal boundary between labor relations and civil service relations has gradually blurred,with disputes over the identifi cation of labor relations of online delivery riders being particularly prominent,becoming a research focus in both theoretical and practical circles.The labor employment model in the platform economy is characterized by diversifi cation and fragmentation.Due to the regulatory gaps in the current labor law system,there is no legal basis for confi rming labor relations.In addition,the facts and evidence of different cases are complex,leading to diverse identifi cation standards and judicial tendencies in China's judicial decisions.Some courts have even broken through the"labor subordination"criteria,incorporating factors such as the economic dependence of practitioners and the social responsibility of platform enterprises into considerations.To effectively solve the judicial dilemma of"different judgments for similar cases",it is urgent to construct precise judicial standards and index systems that fi t the characteristics of new business forms.Guided by the principles of"unifying legal application,achieving judicial justice,and implementing similar case similar judgments",this paper selects 360 judicial cases as empirical analysis samples,and discusses them from two dimensions:similar case identifi cation and similar case similar judgment,in order to put forward reasonable suggestions for the improvement of laws,regulations,and judicial interpretations,and construct a scientifi c and sustainable identifi cation norm system and rights protection mechanism for online delivery personnel.
作者
涂永前
秦嘉茵
何礼苗
TU Yongqian;QIN Jiayin;HE Limiao(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)
出处
《中国劳动关系学院学报》
2025年第4期78-93,共16页
Journal of China University of Labor Relations
基金
人力资源社会保障部重大课题“新形势下劳动关系理论探索研究”(项目编号:RSZD2025-11-2)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
平台经济
身份认定标准
类案类判
实证研究
platform economy
identifi cation standards
similar case similar judgment
empirical study
作者简介
涂永前(1974-),男,湖北武汉人,法学博士,中国人民大学劳动人事学院和国家发展与战略研究院教授、研究员、博士生导师,研究方向为劳动就业法制及劳动管理合规;秦嘉茵(2000-),女,陕西西安人,管理学硕士,中国人民大学劳动人事学院助理研究人员,研究方向为劳动就业法制;通讯作者:何礼苗(1996-),男,贵州荔波人,中国人民大学劳动人事学院博士研究生,研究方向为劳动关系管理。
