摘要
东北黑土区是我国重要的粮食生产基地,其生态功能退化对粮食安全构成严峻挑战。以小兴安岭北部孙吴—逊克黑土关键带为研究对象,通过高密度电阻率法(探测深度约150m),结合区域构造-地层格架,系统解析了地层电性结构特征及其对黑土退化的控制机制。研究表明:(1)垂向电性分层显著,浅部第四系松散沉积层(0-30m,100-300Ω·m)受古河道迁移影响呈现高阻非均质性,加剧浅层渗漏与水土流失;中部低阻粘土隔水层(20Ω·m)横向连续分布,限制水分垂向交换,诱发土壤盐渍化;深部嫩江组地层(30Ω·m左右)在约80m处以深视电阻率值基本稳定,指示深部阻水层对水文过程的调控作用。(2)NW向高阻异常体(ρ>150Ω·m,倾角45°左右)被解译为张扭性断裂,导致上盘沉积减薄(22m,全区平均30m),通过改变地表径流路径与增强渗透性,加速侵蚀与盐分迁移。基于电性结构特征,提出构造控灾靶区优先修复策略,包括植被固坡、隔水层保护性排水及深部水文调控。本研究成果为东北黑土区生态修复提供了地球物理依据与技术范式,对协调农业开发与生态保护具有重要实践意义。
The black soil region in Northeast China,as a vital grain production base,are faced by severe ecological degradation threatening national food security.This study investigates the Sunwu-Xunke critical zone in the northern Lesser Khingan Mountains,where intensive farming has exacerbated soil erosion.By advancing the high-density resistivity method(HDRM)with a 150-meter detection depth and combining with regional tectonic-stratigraphic frameworks,we systematically analyzed electrical stratigraphy and its role in soil degradation.Results reveal:(1)vertical electrical stratification includes a heterogeneous shallow Quaternary layer(0-30 m,100-300Ω·m)influenced by paleo-channel migration,intensifying seepage and erosion;a continuous clay aquiclude(20Ω·m)at intermediate depths restricts vertical water flow,promoting salinization;and the deep Nenjiang Formation(30Ω·m)exhibits weak anisotropy,suggesting a homogeneous mudstone-siltstone structure modulating hydrology;(2)A NW-trending high-resistivity anomaly(ρ>150Ω·m,dip~45°)is interpreted as a NE-SW stress-driven strike-slip fault,thinning hanging-wall sediments to 22 m(vs.regional 30 m),altering runoff paths and enhancing permeability to accelerate erosion and salt migration.Priority restoration strategies target tectonically vulnerable zones(e.g.,fault hanging walls,paleo-channels),advocating vegetation-based slope stabilization,aquiclude-aligned drainage systems,and deep hydrological regulation leveraging the Nenjiang Formation's low permeability.This study establishes a geophysical framework linking subsurface electrical features to surface degradation,offering actionable solutions to balance agriculture and ecological sustainability,with global implications for critical zones under similar anthropogenic pressures.
作者
孙彦海
陈海江
马维龙
石致君
姚宇
李宇航
SUN Yanhai;CHEN Haijiang;MA Weilong;SHI Zhijun;YAO Yu;LI Yuhang(Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center,CGS,Harbin 150081,China;Northeast Geological Science and Techology Innovation Center,CGS,Shenyang 110034,China;Harbin Observation and Research Station for Earth Critical Zone of Black Soil,Ministry of Natural Resources,Harbin 150086,China)
出处
《黑龙江国土资源》
2025年第7期59-65,共7页
Heilongjiang land and Resources
基金
中国地质调查局项目“太行山区山西段生态修复综合调查”(DD20208069)
中国地质调查局东北地质科技创新中心区创基金项目(QCJJ2022-3)。
关键词
高密度电法
黑土退化
电性结构
断裂构造
生态修复
high-density resistivity method
black soil degradation
electrical stratigraphy
fault structure
ecological restoration
作者简介
第一作者/通讯作者:孙彦海,1987年生,男,哈尔滨人,中国地质调查局哈尔滨自然资源综合调查中心,助理工程师,研究方向地球物理,Email:sunyanhai@mail.cgs.gov.cn。
