摘要
边坡治理是露天矿山生态修复中的重要内容之一。以青海木里矿区聚乎更区为例,针对高寒矿区露天煤矿的边坡问题识别、监测和治理开展了系统研究,通过遥感、物探、钻探及地表测量等手段研究了矿区内不稳定边坡发育特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:建立了以遥感技术为核心,辅以常规的地表监测、地质调查、物探及钻探等手段的“天空地时”一体化不稳定边坡探查监测体系,确定矿区内不稳定边坡发育特征及稳定性,为矿山修复治理针对性开展边坡治理提供依据;采用高危渣山降高减载和边坡减坡治理技术,对边坡台阶进行清坡处理,消除浮石和崩塌等灾害,对渣山削坡卸载,使采坑边坡和渣山边坡达到稳定状态;并以聚乎更4号井南渣山为例,根据高密度电法探测和钻探验证,识别出了常年冻土上限和渣土层与原采坑基岩界线两个滑移面,确定后缘载荷过大是导致滑坡的主要因素,采取“后缘降高减载+边坡减坡+水系连通+综合监测”的治理方案,治理后既消除了对边坡前缘的载荷,又为后期植被复绿提供了稳定的立地条件。多期次动态监测表明边坡后缘已趋于稳定;边坡监测及治理技术在木里矿区生态修复治理中得到广泛使用,治理后的渣山边坡坡度控制均小于26°,有效消除了不稳定边坡对修复治理的影响,保障了矿山生态修复治理成效。
Slope treatment is one of the important contents of ecological restoration in open-pit mines.Taking Juhugeng Area,Muli Mining Area,Qinghai Province as an example,this paper systematically studies the identification,monitoring and treatment of slope problems in open-pit coal mines in alpine mining areas.The development characteristics and stability of unstable slopes in the mining areas are studied by means of remote sensing,geophysical prospecting,drilling and surface measurement.The results show that an unstable slope exploration and monitoring system of“aerospace-low altitude-ground-time”is established with remote sensing technology as the core,supplemented by conventional surface monitoring,geological survey,geophysical prospecting and drilling.The development characteristics and stability of unstable slopes in the mining area are determined.It provides a basis for targeted slope treatment in ecological restoration and management of mine.Using the high-risk slag hill load reduction and slope reduction treatment technology,the slope steps are cleared,the disasters such as pumice and collapse are eliminated,the slag hill slope is cut and unloaded,and the mining pit slope and slag hill slope are stabilized.Taking the south slag hill of Juhugeng well 4 as an example,according to the high-density electrical method detection and drilling verification,two slip surfaces of the permafrost upper limit and the boundary line between the slag soil layer and the original pit bedrock are identified.It is determined that the excessive load of the trailing edge is the main factor leading to the landslide.The treatment scheme of“trailing edge load reduction+slope reduction+water system connectivity+comprehensive monitoring”is adopted.After treatment,the load on the leading edge of the slope is eliminated,and the stable site conditions for the later vegetation regreening are provided.Multi-stage dynamic monitoring shows that the trailing edge of the slope has stabilized.Slope monitoring and treatment technology has been widely used in ecological restoration and management of Muli Mining Area.The slope control of slag hill slope after treatment is less than 26°,which effectively eliminates the influence of unstable slope on restoration and management,and ensures the effectiveness of mine ecological restoration and management.
作者
李聪聪
王佟
赵欣
李飞
蔺楠
江晓光
王伟超
LI Congcong;WANG Tong;ZHAO Xin;LI Fei;LIN Nan;JIANG Xiaoguang;WANG Weichao(School of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;China Coal Aerial Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710199,China;China National Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100038,China;Carbon Neutral Research Institute,China National Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100039,China;Guangdong Bureau of Coal Geology of China National Administration of Coal Geology,Guangzhou 510170,China;Qinghai Bureau of Coal Geology of China National Administration of Coal Geology,Xining 810015,China)
出处
《中国矿业》
北大核心
2024年第4期122-131,共10页
China Mining Magazine
基金
陕西省秦创原矿山环境修复治理与智能化监测“科学家+工程师”队伍项目资助(编号:22KXJ-087)
中国煤炭地质总局“高原高寒地区煤炭生态地质勘查与矿山生态修复技术研究”项目资助(编号:中煤地办科技2020-88号)。
关键词
矿山生态修复
不稳定边坡
边坡监测
高寒矿区
露天矿山
ecological restoration of mine
unstable slope
slope monitoring
alpine mining area
open-pit mine
作者简介
第一作者:李聪聪(1984-),男,汉族,山西临汾人,博士研究生,正高级工程师,研究方向为矿山生态修复,E-mail:251382552@qq.com;通讯作者:王佟(1959-),男,汉族,甘肃会宁人,博士,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为煤田地质与生态地质,E-mail:wangtong517@126.com。
