摘要
人脸识别技术具有人脸信息收集渠道隐蔽且多样、技术安全漏洞、人脸信息的唯一性与不可逆性等技术风险。人脸识别技术治理的法律困境包括知情—同意原则被虚化,人脸信息保护的权利基础存在争议,技术滥用侵害个人权益,主体维权意识薄弱、侵权救济困难等问题。人脸识别保护的权利跨越公法权利与私权领域,对其治理应当打破部门法的界限,寻求人脸识别技术的开发、利用与主体权利保护之间的平衡。优化人脸识别技术的规制,应秉持“以人为本”的治理理念,强化人脸信息控制者的信义义务,落实比例原则,坚持最小限度的适用,引入监管沙盒,改进维权模式,探索具有中国特色的人脸识别治理路径。
The risks of facial recognition technology include the covert and diverse channels of facial information collection,technical security vulnerabilities,the uniqueness and irreversibility of facial data.The legal dilemmas in the governance of facial recognition technology include the hollowing out of the informed-consent principle,disputes over the rights foundation for protecting facial information,the infringement of individual rights and interests due to technological misuse,weak awareness of rights protection among subjects,and difficulties in obtaining remedies for infringements.The protection of rights in facial recognition spans both public law rights and private rights domains.Its governance should transcend the boundaries of departmental laws,seeking a balance between the development and utilization of facial recognition technology and the protection of individual rights.To optimize the regu-lation of facial recognition technology,governance should adhere to a"human-centered"governance concept by strengthening the fi-duciary obligations of facial information controllers.Regulatory frameworks must incorporate the principle of proportionality,strictly limiting data processing to the minimum necessary extent while allowing controlled innovation through regulatory sandboxes.Simulta-neously,improvements to the rights protection and relief model are essential to safeguard individuals.Ultimately,these measures should converge to develop a distinctive facial recognition governance framework with Chinese characteristics.
作者
吴旭莉
WU Xuli(School of Law,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)
出处
《厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期103-114,共12页
Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国式现代化进程中加强新兴领域立法研究”(23ZDA076)。
关键词
人脸识别
私密信息
基本权利
隐私权
信义义务
比例原则
监管沙盒
facial recognition
private information
fundamental rights
privacy rights
fiduciary obligations
proportionality principle
regulatory sandboxes
作者简介
吴旭莉,女,广东惠来人,厦门大学法学院副教授,法学博士。
