低碳转型何以缓解多维能源贫困——来自低碳试点城市和家庭的经验证据

How does Low-Carbon Transformation Alleviate Multi-Dimensional Energy Poverty?Empirical Evidence from Low-Carbon Pilot Cities and Households

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摘要探索低碳试点政策对多维能源贫困的减贫效应,有助于发挥其在促进低碳转型和缓解能源贫困问题上的协同效益。通过构建中国城市层面的多维能源贫困指数,基于2008—2019年中国285个城市的面板数据以及中国家庭追踪调查,使用交叠双重差分模型结合系统广义矩估计实证探究低碳城市试点政策(LCCP)对多维能源贫困的减贫效应及其机制路径。LCCP的实施能够有效缓解多维能源贫困,不仅使试点城市多维能源贫困程度显著下降0.9%,且存在政策溢出效应。LCCP对多维能源贫困的缓解效果主要体现在改善能源可使用性维度及促进能源清洁性维度方面,对能源可负担性维度的贫困无显著影响。异质性分析表明,LCCP的能源减贫效果在资源禀赋及区域位置上存在显著差异,对资源型城市以及北方城市的多维能源贫困缓解效果更明显。企业层面,LCCP的实施通过增强企业绿色创新效应缓解多维能源贫困,且印证了“波特假说”;政府和家庭层面,政府环保支持效应与家庭环保行为效应是LCCP缓解城市和家庭多维能源贫困的有效路径。据此提出推进LCCP政策扩围增效,强化绿色创新驱动与区域协同机制,构建差异化、可持续的多维能源减贫路径等政策建议。 Against the backdrop of intensified climate change,energy poverty has become an important factor restricting sustainable economic development and social welfare,especially the increasingly severe climate crisis and the proposal of China’s“dual carbon”goals have brought more pressure and challenges to alleviating and eliminating energy poverty.Therefore,exploring environmental policies that have synergy benefits in alleviating energy poverty and promoting low-carbon transformation is an inevitable requirement for achieving sustainable development.[KH*2D]Among the series of environmental policy tools launched by the Chinese government,the Low-Carbon City Pilot Policy(LCCP)is an extremely innovative emission reduction strategy,aiming to promote the dual goals of low-carbon transformation and sustainable development.The LCCP aims to decoualize urbanization from carbon emissions by coordinating a series of policy measures across the country,and its implementation scope is extensive.As a quasi-natural experiment for implementing environmental constraint policies,the LCCP provides a valuable framework for empirical policy evaluation and theoretical exploration.This study utilizes the spatio-temporal differences during the implementation of LCCP and,based on the constructed comprehensive index of multi-dimensional energy poverty in Chinese cities,adopts the interleaved DID model to investigate the impact of low-carbon transformation on multi-dimensional energy poverty in cities.[KH*2D]Compared with the existing studies,this paper has marginal contributions in three aspects.Firstly,unlike previous studies that adopted energy poverty indicators at the provincial and household levels,this study innovatively constructed multi-dimensional energy poverty indicators at the urban level in China,so as to be able to evaluate the city’s ability in establishing a modern energy service system more accurately and comprehensively.Secondly,the research has enhanced the exploration of the social benefits of LCCP,especially its role in alleviating multi-dimensional energy poverty.This study differs from the existing research that focuses on emission reduction and green transformation.It introduces a new perspective of urban low-carbon transformation and broadens the analytical scope of the existing literature.Thirdly,the impact of LCCP on energy poverty and its transmission mechanism were investigated from both the macro(city)and micro(household)levels.The potential approaches influencing government support,corporate behavior and household responses were further explored,thereby deepening the theoretical and empirical understanding of the energy poverty issue and providing effective policy inspirations for alleviating energy poverty.[KH*2D]The research finds that the implementation of LCCP has a significant alleviating effect on multi-dimensional energy poverty in cities and has a significant policy spillover effect.specifically,the multi-dimensional energy poverty index of the pilot cities decreased by 0.9%.And it is supported by a series of robustness tests.Furthermore,the mitigation effect of LCCP shows significant heterogeneity,especially,the impact on resource-based cities and northern cities is more obvious,reflecting the importance of regional and resource endowment differences.Mechanism analysis indicates that LCCP can alleviate multi-dimensional energy poverty through means such as encouraging enterprises to carry out green innovation,increasing the government’s investment and support for environmental governance,and promoting changes in household behavior.[KH*2D]Based on the above findings,this study puts forward the following policy recommendations to further alleviate energy poverty in China.First,expand the coverage of the LCCP,enhance its exemplary role,and increase the spatial spillover effect of the policy.Secondly,greater emphasis should be placed on discovering and exploring various mechanisms that are conducive to reducing multi-dimensional energy poverty,including multi-channel interaction mechanisms among the government,enterprises and households.Thirdly,further formulate a comprehensive and adaptable LCCP policy framework to promote differentiated policy innovation based on local conditions.

作者杨红燕杨阳李天云黄远标 YANG Hongyan;YANG Yang;LI Tianyun;HUANG Yuanbiao(Social Security Research Center,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Politics and Public Administration,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;School of International and Public Affairs,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200000,China;School of Finance,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区武汉大学社会保障研究中心武汉大学政治与公共管理学院上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院南开大学金融学院

出处《西安交通大学学报(社会科学版)》北大核心 2025年第4期13-26,共14页 Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University:Social Sciences

基金国家自然科学基金面上项目(72274145)。

关键词低碳转型环境规制低碳试点政策能源贫困绿色创新环保支持环保行为 low-carbon transformation environmental regulation low-carbon pilot policy energy poverty green innovation environmental protection support environmental protection behavior