摘要
豆粕作为畜禽饲料的核心植物蛋白质来源,凭借其高蛋白含量(40%~48%)和均衡的氨基酸组成结构,支撑全球规模化畜牧业的快速发展。然而,中国对进口大豆的高度依赖(90%以上)、耕地资源约束及豆粕过量使用而引发的氮排放过量问题,迫切要求推进豆粕减量替代方案。文章分析了豆粕的营养优势与资源环境风险,梳理了微生物蛋白(乙醇梭菌蛋白)、杂粕(棉籽粕、菜籽粕)及动物副产物(水解羽毛粉)等替代原料的营养特性及成本效益,并基于生猪养殖场景评估替代蛋白质原料的应用潜力,以期为构建多元化蛋白质供给体系提供理论依据,助力畜牧业绿色转型。
As the core plant protein source for livestock and poultry feed,soybean meal has supported the rapid development of global large-scale animal husbandry by virtue of its high protein content(40%-48%)and balanced amino acid composition.However,China's high dependence on imported soybeans(over 90%),constraints on arable land resources,and excess nitrogen emissions caused by excessive use of soybean meal,urgently require the promotion of soybean meal reduction and substitution plans.The nutritional advantages and resource environmental risks of soybean meal were analyzed,the nutritional characteristics and cost-effectiveness of alternative raw materials such as microbial protein(Clostridium autoethanogenum protein),miscellaneous meal(cottonseed meal,rapeseed meal),and animal by-products(hydrolyzed feather powder)were sorted out,and the application potential of alternative protein raw materials based on pig farming scenarios was evaluated,with a view to providing a theoretical basis for building a diversified protein supply system and facilitating the green transformation of the animal husbandry.
作者
王宝东
WANG Baodong(Liaoning Agricultural and Rural Development Service Center,Shenyang 110032,China)
出处
《饲料博览》
2025年第1期44-47,共4页
Feed Review
关键词
豆粕
减量替代
替代蛋白
杂粕
生猪生产
soybean meal
reduction and substitution
alternative protein
miscellaneous meal
pig production
作者简介
王宝东(1981—),男,硕士,正高级畜牧师,研究方向为畜禽育种、保种,种畜禽监管及畜禽种业统计等。
