数字私力与网联物的占有保护

Digital Self-Help and Possessory Protection in the Context of the Internet of Things

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摘要 “数字私力”是一种限制或消除网联物的功能性的远程手段。厂商应用数字私力,不构成与用户的共同占有。因为数字私力不能被视为一种占有事实,厂商也缺乏相应的占有意思。为了保护用户对网联物的管领支配,应将物之功能性纳入占有保护的范围,肯定数字私力构成占有侵害的可能。“自我锁定型”数字私力本质是一种预设的程序锁,其并不侵害用户的占有状态。“远程锁定型”数字私力会使网联物整体失效,构成占有侵夺。“服务中断型”数字私力可能构成占有侵夺或占有妨害,具体取决于网联物功能性对网络连接的依赖程度。用户对数字私力条款的同意,可阻却厂商占有侵害的构成。数字私力条款具有正当性,但其是否有效,还需进行内容审查。数字私力条款仅在载明了执行的正当利益、告知的提前时间、执行的明确后果、用户的异议途径等内容,并且执行手段符合比例原则时,才不会因违反《民法典》第497条的规定而无效。 Digital self-help is a remote method that restricts or disables the functionality of networked objects.The application of digital self-help by manufacturers does not constitute joint possession with users,as digital self-help cannot be regarded as a factual possession,nor do manufacturers possess the requisite intent to possess.To safeguard users'control over networked objects,the functionality of objects should be included within the scope of possessory protection,thereby affirming the possibility that digital self-help may constitute possessory infringement.“Self-locking”digital self-help essentially functions as a pre-set program lock and does not interfere with the user's state of possession.In contrast,“remote-locking”digital self-help renders the entire networked object inoperative,constituting possessory deprivation.“Service-interrupting”digital self-help may amount to either possessory deprivation or possessory disturbance,depending on the extent to which the functionality of the networked object relies on network connectivity.Users'consent to digital self-help clauses can negate the constitution of possessory infringement by manufacturers.While digital self-help clauses are legitimate,their validity requires substantive review.Such clauses will not be deemed invalid under Article 497 of the Civil Code if they specify the legitimate interests of enforcement,provide advance notice,clarify the consequences of enforcement,outline the user's objection mechanisms,and ensure that the enforcement measures comply with the principle of proportionality.

作者陈浩林 CHEN Hao-lin(School of Law,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Faculty of Law,Goethe University Frankfurt,Frankfurt 60438,Germany)

机构地区北京航空航天大学法学院法兰克福大学法学院

出处《河北法学》北大核心 2025年第9期80-101,共22页 Hebei Law Science

基金国家社科基金重大项目“我国民法典实施中的重大疑难问题研究”(23&ZD152) 国家社科基金项目数字化背景下法律行为制度的“再现代化”(23BFX177)的阶段性研究成果国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目资助(202406020207)。

关键词数字私力远程锁定占有侵害占有保护数字私力条款 digital self-help remote locking possessory infringement possessory protection digital self-help clauses

分类号 DF5 [政治法律—民商法学]

作者简介陈浩林,男,广东湛江人,北京航空航天大学—德国法兰克福大学法学院联合培养博士研究生,北京航空航天大学德国研究中心研究员,研究方向:民商法学、网络法学。