摘要
【目的】油茶(Camellia oleifera)是山茶科山茶属植物,具有丰富的营养元素和广泛的用途,是一种非常重要的木本油料树种。落花落果、产量低等问题是制约油茶产业高产高效发展的关键因素。本研究旨在探索油茶膨果期不同磷钾肥处理对其果实和花芽生长发育的影响,为科学施肥提高油茶产量提供科学依据。【方法】以岑软3号为供试油茶品种,在膨果期设置不同磷钾肥施用量处理:以不施肥为对照(CK);施用KH_(2)PO_(4)(纯度99%,含P_(2)O_(5)52%、K_(2)O 34%)处理设置4个梯度(A1,250 g/株;A2,500 g/株;A3,750 g/株;A4,1000g/株);施用市售磷肥(有效P_(2)O_(5)≥16%)+钾肥(K_(2)O≥52%)处理设置4个梯度(B1,磷肥125 g/株+钾肥125 g/株;B2,磷肥250 g/株+钾肥250 g/株;B3,磷肥375 g/株+钾肥375 g/株;B4,磷肥500 g/株+钾肥500 g/株)为试验处理。在油茶施肥前、果实成熟后调查果实数量,测量果实横径、纵径、单果质量等农艺性状指标,并计算保果率、果形指数等。【结果】从对油茶保果率的影响来看,处理B4植株的保果率最高,达60.15%,比对照的提高了152.73%,且有效增加了油茶果实的横、纵径。从对油茶果实经济性状的影响来看,处理A4有效地促进了果实生长,提高果实品质,其单果质量和果形指数均显著高于对照;处理B1的鲜出籽率、干出籽率和干出仁率均高于对照。从对花芽饱满度的影响上来看,处理A2的效果最优,其花芽长度、宽度、厚度、质量、体积分别为14.56 mm、7.71 mm、7.27 mm、4.35 g、2.17 mm^(3),分别比对照的提高了10.64%、0.78%、12.71%、11.25%、1.88%。【结论】油茶膨果期适当施用磷钾肥,可以提高其保果率、果实经济性状和花芽饱满度。综合来看,处理B4(磷肥500 g/株+钾肥500 g/株)的效果最佳。
【Objective】Camellia oleifera is a plant of Camellia genus in Theaceae family,which is rich in nutrients and has a wide range of utilization,and is a very important woody oil tree species.The problems of falling flowers and fruits,as well as low yield,are the key factors restricting the high-yield and efficient development of C.oleifera industry.This study aimed to investigate the effects of different phosphorous and potassium fertilization treatments done at the fruit expanding stage on the fruit and flower bud growth and development of C.oleifera,in order to a provide reference for scientific fertilization to improve C.oleifera yield.【Method】The C.oleifera variety Cenruan 3 was selected as the experimental plant material in this study.Different phosphorus and potassium fertilization amount treatments were set and applied at the fruit enlargement stage.No fertilization treatment was used as the control.Four levels of KH_(2)PO_(4)(purity 99%,containing P_(2)O_(5)52%and K_(2)O 34%)treatments included A1,250 g/plant;A2,500 g/plant;A3,750 g/plant;and A4,1000 g/plant,and 4 levels of commercial phosphate fertilizer(available P_(2)O_(5)≥16%)+potassium fertilizer(K_(2)O≥52%)treatments included B1,125 g/plant of phosphate fertilizer+125 g/plant of potassium fertilizer;B2,250 g/plant of phosphate fertilizer+250 g/plant of potassium fertilizer;B3,375 g/plant of phosphate fertilizer+375 g/plant of potassium fertilizer;and B4,500 g/plant of phosphate fertilizer+500 g/plant of potassium fertilizer.The agronomic traits including the number of fruits,transverse and longitudinal diameter,and single fruit mass were investigated before fertilization and after fruit ripening,and the fruit retention rate and fruit shape index were calculated.【Result】The results indicated that in terms of the effect on fruit retention rate,the treatment B4 was the best,which fruit retention rate reached 60.15%and was 152.73%higher than that in the control,and it could also enhance the fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter.Regarding the effects on fruit economic traits,treatment A4 could better promote fruit growth and quality,which showed significantly higher single fruit mass and fruit shape index compared to the control;the fresh and dry seed yields,and dry kernel yield in treatment B1 were all higher than those in the control.In terms of the effects on flower bud plumpness,the treatment A2(KH2PO4500 g)presented the most favorable results,the length,width,thickness,mass,and volume of flower buds were 14.56 mm,7.71 mm,7.27 mm,4.35 g,and 2.17 mm3,respectively,which were 10.64%,0.78%,12.71%,11.25%,and 1.88%,respectively,higher than those in the control.【Conclusion】Appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at the fruit expanding stage significantly improved the fruit retention rate,economic traits and plumpness of flower buds in C.oleifera.Overall,the treatment B4(500 g/plant of phosphate fertilizer+500 g/plant of potassium fertilizer)had the best effect.
作者
曹春芮
韩海琦
钟德松
李书苹
王东雪
江泽鹏
王劲松
CAO ChunRui;HAN HaiQi;ZHONG DeSong;LI ShuPing;WANG DongXue;JIANG ZePeng;WANG JinSong(Guangxi Forestry Research Institute/Guangxi Forestry Laboratory,Nanning,Guangxi 530002,China;Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region State Owned Weidu Forest Farm,Laibin,Guangxi 546100,China)
出处
《农业研究与应用》
2025年第3期254-262,共9页
Agricultural Research and Application
基金
广西林业科技项目(2023GXZCLK64)。
关键词
油茶
保果率
果实经济性状
花芽饱满度
Camellia oleifera
fruit retention rate
fruit economic traits
plumpness of flower buds
作者简介
第一作者:曹春芮(1995-),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事森林培育研究,E-mail:1316307152@qq.com;通信作者:王劲松(1984-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事森林培育研究,E-mail:517905324@qq.com。
