摘要
【目的】研究激光对设施草莓产量的调控效应,为解决弱光造成的设施草莓产量受限、补光灯能耗高等产业问题提供新思路。【方法】以设施栽培红颜草莓为材料,于苗期至成熟期进行低强度[0.25、0.5、1μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)(PPFD)]半导体激光处理,探究激光对草莓光合作用、营养积累、生长发育及产量形成的影响。【结果】低强度激光处理增加了草莓植株生物量与果实产量。增产效应随着激光强度的增加呈先增后稳的趋势,0.5与1 PPFD激光处理效果较优。与对照相比,0.5与1 PPFD激光处理显著提高了果实数量与单果质量,果实数量增幅12.3%~14.0%,单果质量增幅19.8%~23.3%,综合产量增幅34.5%~40.6%。激光处理显著增大了叶面积,提高了净光合速率以及氮、磷、钾和镁元素的积累量。相关性分析表明,草莓产量与叶面积、净光合速率、氮、磷、钾、镁积累量呈显著正相关。【结论】低强度(0.5~1PPFD)激光处理提升了光合效率与营养积累量,促进了干物质积累,进而实现了低耗增产。
【Objective】Facility cultivation is one of the primary modes for strawberry cultivation.How-ever,the shading effect of glass,shading nets,and plastic films limits the yield and economic benefits of greenhouse-grown strawberries due to reduced light intensity.Supplementing with artificial light sources like Light Emitting Diode(LED)is an effective strategy to address low-light conditions.Previ-ous LED supplementation has predominantly used long-term high-intensity modes,leading to increased energy consumption and economic costs.Laser technology amplifies light through stimulated emission but has safety limitations in horticultural settings,particularly with short-term high-intensity helium-ne-on lasers due to their high energy output.Semiconductor lasers,characterized by high photoelectric conversion efficiency,offer potential energy savings.In this study,the semiconductor lasers were uti-lized to investigate the regulatory effects of long-term low-intensity laser modes on strawberry yield in facility cultivation,aiming to provide new insights into addressing issues such as limited yield due to low light and high energy consumption of supplemental lighting.【Methods】In this study,the facility cultivated Hongyan strawberries served as materials and soil cultivation experiments were carried out in plastic greenhouses.From the strawberry seedling stage to maturity,low-intensity[0,0.25,0.5,and 1μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)(PPFD)]semiconductor laser treatments were performed daily from 6:00 to 18:00 for 5 months.The lasers were positioned 3 m above the ground with a diffuser to ensure uniform distribution over a 30 m²area.During the mature stage,the gas exchange parameters of strawberry leaves(net pho-tosynthetic rate,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate),aboveg-round nutrient accumulation(abundant and moderate nutrient elements such as nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,magnesium,and calcium),growth morphology indicators(plant height,biomass,leaf area,and specific leaf weight),fruit yield and its constituent factors(fruit quantity and single fruit weight),fruit sugar and acid content(soluble solids,total soluble sugar,titratable acid and sugar/acid ratio),and other indicators were measured to explore the effects of low-intensity long-term laser irradiation mode on strawberry photosynthesis,nutrient accumulation,growth and development,yield,and flavor quality.【Results】Low intensity laser treatment with 0.25,0.5,and 1 PPFD increased the yield of strawberries.The yield enhancement showed an increasing trend followed by stability with increasing laser intensity,with no significant difference between 0.5 and 1 PPFD treatments,indicating optimal effectiveness.Compared with the control,0.5 and 1 PPFD laser treatments significantly increased the number of fruits and single fruit weight.Low intensity laser improved strawberry fruit yield by increasing single fruit weight and fruit quantity.Under laser irradiation conditions,the number of strawberry fruits increased by 12.3%-14.0%,the weight of individual fruits increased by 19.8%-23.3%,and the overall yield in-creased by 34.5%-40.6%.The 0.5 and 1 PPFD laser treatments increased the plant height,aboveground nutrient organ biomass,and leaf area of strawberry plants,promoting plant nutritional growth,while the 0.25 PPFD laser treatment did not significantly improve plant height,biomass,and leaf area.The com-parison of leaf weight between 0.5 and 1 PPFD laser treatments indicated that laser treatment did not af-fect leaf thickness.The 0.25 PPFD laser treatment had no significant effect on the gas exchange parame-ters of the leaves.The 0.5 and 1 PPFD laser treatments significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate by 8.9%to 9.4%,without affecting stomatal conductance and transpiration rate,but reducing inter-cellular CO_(2) concentration.Laser enhanced photosynthetic capacity,and the increase in net photosyn-thetic rate was related to non-stomatal factors.The laser treatments at 0.25,0.5,and 1 PPFD significant-ly affected the accumulation of aboveground nutrient elements in strawberry plants.With the increase of laser intensity,the accumulation of large elements such as nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium showed a trend of first increasing and then stabilizing,while the accumulation of medium elements like magnesium and calcium showed an increasing and unchanged trend,respectively.Laser treatment was beneficial for the accumulation of elements such as nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and magnesium,but had no influence on the accumulation of calcium.According to correlation analysis,strawberry fruit yield was significantly and positively correlated with leaf area,net photosynthetic rate,as well as nitro-gen,phosphorus,potassium and magnesium accumulation,with strawberry fruit yield showing the high-est correlation with phosphorus accumulation.Under laser irradiation conditions,larger leaf area,higher net photosynthetic rate,and accumulation of nutrients(nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and magne-sium)were beneficial for increasing fruit yield.In addition,compared to the control,laser treatment had no effect on soluble solids,total soluble sugar,titratable acid,and sugar/acid ratio.【Conclusion】Long term treatment with low-intensity laser(0.5 and 1 PPFD)could promote biomass accumulation by im-proving photosynthetic and nutrient absorption abilities while balancing fruit quality,effectively increas-ing fruit quantity,single fruit weight,and comprehensive yield.Unlike traditional fill lights,semicon-ductor lasers can induce and promote plant growth,development,and yield increase in a low-intensity mode,providing a low-cost and high-efficiency“light fertilizer”for facility agriculture.
作者
雷康琦
杨晗
程凤
雷雨梦
李建伟
戚烨通
李志涛
戚行江
LEI Kangqi;YANG Han;CHENG Feng;LEI Yumeng;LI Jianwei;QI Yetong;LI Zhitao;QI Xing-jiang(Xianghu Lab,Hangzhou 310200,Zhejiang,China;Jiande Yicheng Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Jiande 311600,Zhejiang,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310200,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期1234-1243,共10页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
浙江省‘尖兵‘’领雁’研发攻关计划(2024SSYS0100)
湘湖实验室专项科研项目(2023C1S02002)。
关键词
草莓
激光
产量
光合作用
营养积累
Strawberries
Laser
Yield
Photosynthesis
Nutrient accumulation
作者简介
雷康琦,男,助理研究员,博士,研究方向为设施园艺学。E-mail:adleikangqi@163.com;通信作者:戚行江.E-mail:qixingjiang@xhlab.ac.cn。
