摘要
枇杷是冬季开花的果树,在中国中部及南方地区广泛种植。为探究不同花期授粉对枇杷果实品质的影响,本研究以中蜂为授粉媒介,分别于大红袍枇杷开花的一花期、二花期和三花期开始授粉,测定其花冠张口度、泌蜜量及果实品质指标。结果表明:二花期枇杷的花冠张口度和泌蜜量显著高于其他花期(P<0.05);一花期开始授粉的成熟果实纵径最大且单果重最重,而三花期开始授粉的果实畸形率最高、水分质量分数最低;二花期授粉果实的果糖含量最低,一花期授粉果实的蔗糖含量最低,三花期授粉果实的蔗糖含量最高。研究认为,一花期授粉可提高单果重,增加产量;二花期授粉的果实果糖含量低且花部特征显著,适于差异化生产。
Loquat is a winter-flowering fruit tree,widely planted in the central and southern regions of China.To investigate the effects of different pollination periods on loquat fruit quality,this study used Apis cerana cerana as the pollination vector.Pollination was performed at the first,second,and third flowering periods of Dahong Pao loquat,with subsequent measurements of corolla opening degree,nectar secretion,and fruit quality indices.The results indicated that the corolla opening degree and nectar volume in the second flowering period were significantly higher than those in the other periods(P<0.O5).Fruit quality analysis revealed that fruits pollinated during the first flowering period had the greatest longitudinal diameter and individual weight at maturity.Conversely,fruits pollinated during the third flowering period exhibited the highest proportion of deformities and the lowest soluble solids content.Additionally,the lowest fructose content was observed in fruits pollinated during the second period,while the lowest sucrose content was in those pollinated during the first period;the highest sucrose content was found in fruits pollinated during the third period.These findings suggest that the timing of pollination significantly impacts the quality of Dahong Pao loquat fruits.Pollination during the first flowering period can increase individual fruit weight and yield,whereas pollination during the second period results in fruits with lower fructose content and distinct floral traits,making it suitable for differentiated production strategies.
作者
孙欣
舒蕊
曲毓立
刘震
刘健
赵萍
代君君
SUN Xin;SHU Rui;QU Yuli;LIU Zhen;LIU Jian;ZHAO Ping;DAI Junjun(Sericulture Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230000,China)
出处
《北方蚕业》
2025年第2期51-55,共5页
North Sericulture
基金
安徽省重点实验室开放课题(FKLRIB202404)
安徽省特色农业产业技术体系(皖农科[2021]711号)
安徽省农科院院青年基金项目(2025YL024)
安徽省农科院成果转化项目(2025ZH011)
安徽省农业科学院人才项目(XJBS-202446)。
关键词
枇杷
中蜂
授粉
果实品质
loquat
Apis cerana cerana
pollination
fruit quality
作者简介
孙欣(1998-),男,研究实习员,研究方向为蜜蜂分子生物学和蜜蜂授粉应用;通信作者:代君君(1975-),女,副研究员。E-mail:serilife@126.com。
