民法典“绿色条款”鉴别与“关绿条款”环保功能评价——兼谈民法典的完善

Identification of“Green Provisions”and Evaluation of Environmental Functions in“Environment-Relevant but Green-Irrelevant Provisions”in the Civil Code:Reflections on Legislative Refinement

在线阅读下载PDF

导出

摘要我国民法典贯彻绿色发展理念,规定了绿色原则,富有时代性。而学界相关学者的“绿色条款论”所讨论的“绿色条款”没有统一的绿色标准,不能充分反映和有效支撑民法典绿色原则的时代特质,其大部分都不是由贯彻民法典绿色原则而来的,而是被贴上“绿色”标签的“无绿条款”“涉绿条款”。“涉绿条款”中的“关绿条款”主要分布在民法典侵权责任编,它们大多是从原侵权责任法第八章移过来的,与绿色发展理念没有直接关系。这些条款对人身和财产权益的保护不必然具有保护环境的作用,其规定的“惩罚性赔偿”也无法有效阻止有害于环境的行为的发生。民法典第1234条和第1235条的相关内容,都是环境保护法中的管理手段,不应出现在民法典中。因此,应针对民法典第1234条、第1235条和第942条存在的缺陷修改民法典。 China’s Civil Code implements the concept of green development,stipulates the green principle,and constitute the characteristics of the era.It is a positive move under the requirements of ecological civilization and the situation of China’s ecological and environmental protection.In China’s legal system,the green principle plays an important role in cohesion and coordination.Relevant scholars formed the“Green Provisions Theory”in the process of discussing the green principle and environment-related content.“Green Provisions Theory”is a theoretical achievement of relevant scholars on green provisions including the green principle.The“Green Provisions Theory”views the“green provisions”and the green principle as a single entity.The theory emphasizes that ecological and environmental protection is the green value of the Civil Code.The green provisions are regarded as an important support of the green Civil Code.However,the discussion of“green provisions”in this theory’s perspective lack unified ecological criteria,resulting in low“green”distinctiveness,which cannot fully reflect and effectively support the green innovation of the Civil Code.Most provisions classified as“green”are not derived from exercising the Green Principle.They are“environment-relevant provisions”or even“green-irrelevant provisions”which are tagged with“green”label.“Environment-relevant provisions”can be further divided into“environment-relevant but green-irrelevant provisions”and“potentially environment-relevant but green-irrelevant provisions”.The“environment-relevant but green-irrelevant provisions”are mainly distributed in the tort liability part of the Civil Code,because they seem to be more directly related to environmental protection,so they are given priority to be discussed.Most of the“environment-relevant but green-irrelevant provisions”are moved from the“environmental pollution liability”provisions in Chapter VIII of the original Tort Liability Law,which have no direct relationship with The Philosophy of Green Development and do not have the function of environmental protection in the“Green Provisions Theory”.The protection of personal and property rights and interests by the“environment-relevant but green-irrelevant provisions”does not necessarily have the effect of protecting the environment.These provisions primarily protect personal and property rights rather than environmental interests.Given the substantial divergence between environmental torts and environmentally harmful behaviors,punitive damages—limited to addressing actual environmental torts—fail to deter ecologically detrimental conduct effectively.Furthermore,Articles 1234 and 1235 of the Civil Code incorporate administrative measures from environmental law,which fall outside the scope of civil law and should be excluded.In view of the defects of articles 1234,1235 and 942,it is suggested to delete the relevant contents of articles 1234 and 1235 in the Civil Code,and modify the obligation of“property service provider”in article 942 as“property service provider shall handle in accordance with relevant laws”.

作者徐祥民孙一涵 Xu Xiangmin;Sun Yihan(Law School,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,P.R.China;School of Law,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,P.R.China)

机构地区浙江工商大学中南财经政法大学浙江工商大学法学院

出处《山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》北大核心 2025年第4期154-168,共15页 Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基金山东省社科规划重大委托研究项目“绿色法律研究”(16AWTJ10)。

关键词绿色条款绿色原则涉绿条款关绿条款民法典 Green provisions Green principle Environment-relevant provisions Environment-relevant but green-irrelevant provisions Civil Code

分类号 D923 [政治法律—民商法学]

作者简介徐祥民,浙江工商大学特聘教授,博士生导师,中南财经政法大学“文澜学者”讲座讲授,历史学博士,法学博士,泰山学者(xuxiangmin58@163.com);孙一涵,浙江工商大学法学院博士研究生(syhhh_1010@163.com)。