摘要
随着国家“双碳”目标的提出,新能源汽车对车体减重降耗、增加续航的要求越来越高,需要对其整车材料进行轻量化。因此,新能源车用车厢底板的轻量化引起了重视。为了实现车厢底板的轻量化,以薄壳结构为轻量化设计基础,以速生杨木和桉木的高密度重组木薄板为表板,以4种结构的低密度杨桉复合板为芯材,研究了复合方式、热压压力对重组杨桉复合板吸水率、静曲强度、弹性模量等物理力学性能的影响。以强重比为轻量化指标,优选出轻量化的结构和压制工艺:芯材结构桉-杨-桉(E/P),热压压力1.2 MPa。结果表明,薄壳结构的重组杨桉混杂复合板24 h吸水率和24 h吸水厚度膨胀率均有所降低,胶合性能和弹性模量、静曲强度均有所增强,并且与竹质车厢底板板材相比,芯材结构为E/P结构的复合板在1.2 MPa热压压力下表现出最大强重比,达到了137.73 MPa·cm^(3)/g,强度性能更优,密度减轻了25%,重量减轻,强重比提高了22.4%,实现了车厢底板的轻量化,为新能源车提供了一种新型的轻量化底板材料。
Driven by national policies and the continuous advancement of technologies for new energy components and supporting infrastructure,new energy vehicles have rapidly captured a significant share of the market.However,this trend is likely to result in increased complexity in vehicle design and further lead to the weight of vehicles becoming noticeably heavier.Compared to other countries,China still faces a significant gap in the level of vehicle lightweight technology.The demand for reducing vehicle body weight and material consumption,while simultaneously increasing durability,continues to grow.It is essential to utilize lighter materials in vehicle construction.Research shows that the weight of the carriage floor of the new energy vehicle accounts for a significant portion of the total vehicle weight.Therefore,the lightweight of the carriage floor of the new energy vehicle has attracted more and more attention.To achieve a lightweight of the carriage floor,this study used a thin-shell structure as the foundation for weight reduction.High-density reconstituted wood sheets made from poplar and eucalyptus were utilized as face veneers.Additionally,four types of low-density composites made from poplar and eucalyptus with different structures,were used as core materials.The effects of the different composite structures and hot-pressing pressures on the mechanical properties of the panels,including water absorption,modulus of rupture,and modulus of elasticity were investigated.Based on the strength-to-weight ratio as the key indicator,the lightweight structure and pressing process were optimized:the core structure selected was eucalyptus-poplar-eucalyptus(E/P),and the hot-pressing pressure was set at 1.2 MPa.The results showed that the 24-h water absorption and 24-h water absorption thickness expansion rate of the reconstituted poplar eucalyptus hybrid composites with thin-shell structure were reduced,and the bonding strength,modulus of elasticity,and modulus of rupture were enhanced.Compared with the ply-bamboo for bottom boards of trucks and buses,the composites with the E/P core structure demonstrated the highest strength-to-weight ratio under the hot-pressing pressure of 1.2 MPa,reaching up to 137.73 MPa·cm^(3)/g.The strength performance was better than that of the bamboo-bottom panel,the density was reduced by 25%,and the strength-to-weight ratio was increased by 22.4%.The lightweight of the carriage floor was successfully developed,offering a new type of lightweight carriage floor material for use in new energy vehicles.
作者
关明杰
武梦钰
车璞璘
刘旭
翟通军
卢艳
GUAN Mingjie;WU Mengyu;CHE Pulin;LIU Xu;ZHAI Tongjun;LU Yan(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Jiangsu Wanhang Wood Industry Co.Ltd.,Lianyungang 222500,China)
出处
《林业工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期47-53,共7页
Journal of Forestry Engineering
基金
江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ-灌南[2023]01)。
关键词
新能源车
杨桉复合板
轻量化设计
车厢底板
重组木
new energy vehicle
poplar and eucalyptus composite panel
lightweight design
carriage floor
scrimber
作者简介
关明杰,女,副教授,研究方向为木竹复合材料。E-mail:mingjieguan@126.com。
