摘要
【目的】本试验旨在研究饲粮添加槲皮素对产蛋后期蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和脂质代谢的影响。【方法】试验选取288只健康、产蛋率相近的龙岩山麻鸭(63周),随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸭。对照组鸭饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加100、200和400 mg/kg槲皮素。预饲期2周,试验期9周。预饲期间,所有试验鸭均饲喂基础饲粮。试验第3、6、9周末,从每重复选取6枚接近平均蛋重的鸭蛋,测定蛋品质;试验第9周末,每重复取2只试验鸭,翅静脉采血测定血浆脂代谢相关指标,屠宰后采集肝脏和繁殖器官,测定肝脏和繁殖器官发育情况及肝脏脂代谢相关指标。【结果】(1)试验第4~6周,与对照组相比,饲粮添加400 mg/kg槲皮素显著提高产蛋后期蛋鸭的产蛋率(P<0.05),且其随槲皮素添加水平升高呈线性和二次曲线上升(P<0.05)。饲粮添加槲皮素对平均日采食量、日产蛋重、料蛋比、破蛋率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,试验第6周末,添加100和400 mg/kg槲皮素显著提高了鸭蛋的蛋壳厚度(P<0.05);400 mg/kg槲皮素添加组产蛋后期蛋鸭试验第6、9周和全期的平均蛋壳重、蛋壳比例和韧性均显著提高(P<0.05);试验第9周,饲粮添加200 mg/kg槲皮素组蛋壳强度、蛋壳比例和韧性显著提高(P<0.05),且这几项指标均随槲皮素添加水平的升高呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。(3)随饲粮中槲皮素水平升高,蛋鸭卵巢基质重先降低后升高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,饲粮添加100 mg/kg槲皮素降低了产蛋后期蛋鸭的卵巢基质重(P<0.05)。(4)随槲皮素水平升高,蛋鸭血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和肝脏甘油三酯(TG)含量呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,200和400 mg/kg槲皮素添加组产蛋后期蛋鸭血浆LDL-C含量显著降低(P<0.05),400 mg/kg槲皮素添加组肝脏TG含量显著降低(P<0.05)。(5)以蛋壳韧性、蛋壳比例和蛋壳强度为评价指标,通过拟合方程得出饲粮槲皮素的适宜添加水平分别为199.5、284.3和284.9 mg/kg。【结论】饲粮添加槲皮素可改善产蛋后期蛋鸭蛋壳力学特性和脂质代谢,本试验条件下,建议产蛋后期蛋鸭饲粮槲皮素的添加水平为200~285 mg/kg。
【Objective】The research aimed to study the effects of dietary quercetin supplementation on egg quality and lipid metabolism of laying ducks at late phase of production.【Method】A total of 288 healthy Longyan laying ducks at 63 weeks of age with similar egg production rate were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 6 replicates of 12 ducks each.The ducks in control group were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet,and the ducks in other treatments were supplemented with 100,200 and 400 mg/kg quercetin,respectively.The pre-trial period was 2 weeks,and the trial period was 9 weeks.During the pre-trial period,all ducks were fed the same basal diet.At the end of weeks 3,6,and 9,six duck eggs were selected from each replicate to determine egg quality.At the end of week 9,two ducks from each replicate were sampled via the wing vein to determine plasma lipid metabolism indexes.After slaughtered,the development of the liver and reproductive organs was assessed,and the liver was collected to analyze lipid metabolism indexes.【Result】①Compared with the control group,dietary supplementation with 400 mg/kg quercetin significantly increased the egg-laying rate of ducks during the late laying period(weeks 4-6)(P<0.05),exhibiting linear and quadratic responses with increasing dietary quercetin levels(P<0.05).However,dietary quercetin supplementation had no significant effect on average daily feed intake,daily egg weight,feed to egg ratio,or egg breakage rate(P>0.05).②Compared with the control group,at the end of the week 6,the addition of 100 and 400 mg/kg of quercetin significantly increased eggshell thickness in duck eggs(P<0.05);the addition of 400 mg/kg quercetin group significantly improved the average eggshell weight,eggshell proportion and toughness at weeks 6 and 9,and throughout the entire late laying period(P<0.05).At week 9,the dietary addition of 200 mg/kg of quercetin significantly improved eggshell strength,eggshell proportion and toughness(P<0.05),and all these indicators showed an upward trend with increasing levels of quercetin added(P<0.05).③With increasing dietary quercetin levels,ovarian stroma weight in laying ducks exhibited a quadratic response,initially decreasing and subsequently increasing(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,dietary supplementation with 100 mg/kg quercetin significantly decreased ovarian stroma weight in ducks during the late laying period(P<0.05).④Plasma LDL-C and hepatic TG contents decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing quercetin levels(P<0.05),and plasma LDL-C content of ducks in the 200 and 400 mg/kg quercetin-added groups were decreased(P<0.05),and hepatic TG contents of ducks in the 400 mg/kg quercetin-added group were decreased(P<0.05)compared with the control group.⑤Based on eggshell toughness,eggshell ratio and breaking strength,the optimal supplemental levels of dietary quercetin were obtained by fitting the equation as 199.5,284.3,and 284.9 mg/kg,respectively.【Conclusion】Dietary quercetin addition could improve eggshell mechanical properties and lipid metabolism of laying ducks at late phase of production.Under the conditions of this experiment,the recommended quercetin supplementation level in the diet of late-phase laying ducks was 200-285 mg/kg.
作者
夏焕婷
郑春田
李凯潮
姜力莹
陈伟
王爽
夏伟光
金成龙
黄雪冰
王胜林
张亚男
XIA Huanting;ZHENG Chuntian;LI Kaichao;JIANG Liying;CHEN Wei;WANG Shuang;XIA Weiguang;JIN Chenglong;HUANG Xuebing;WANG Shenglin;ZHANG Yanan(Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225;Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition,Guangzhou 510640)
出处
《中国畜牧兽医》
北大核心
2025年第7期3126-3135,共10页
China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
基金
广东省饲料产业技术体系(2024CXTD14)
国家水禽产业技术体系(CARS-42-13)
广东省农业农村厅农业科研类及技术推广示范类项目
猪禽种业全国重点实验室PI项目(GDNKY-ZQQZ-K3、GDNKY-ZQQZ-K22)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2025A1515012842)。
关键词
槲皮素
蛋鸭
蛋壳力学特性
脂代谢
产蛋性能
quercetin
laying ducks
shell mechanical property
lipid metabolism
productive performance
作者简介
并列第一作者:夏焕婷,对本文具有同等贡献,E-mail:xiahunting0416@163.com;并列第一作者:郑春田,对本文具有同等贡献,E-mail:zhengcht@163.com;通信作者:王胜林,E-mail:280824055@qq.com;通信作者:张亚男,E-mail:zyn3299@126.com。
