摘要
《竹书纪年》“同惠王子多父伐郐”一句自古纠葛甚多,未得确释。现据清华简《系年》第二章所记携王之谥为“惠”可知,所谓“同惠王”即两周之际与周平王并立的“周惠王”。而句中的“子”字当读为“使”,意为派遣、命令。从郑桓公曾受惠王之命伐郐来看,其人并未与幽王同死,而是在骊山之役后与虢、秦等“邦君诸正”共同拥立了惠王以奉周祀。“二王并立”之初,背靠姜姓之国与戎狄集团的平王,由于在道义与宗统上均有瑕疵,并不为宗室贵族所认可。反而是惠王由于拥趸甚多,一度占据了压倒性的优势。直到幽王灭后的第九年,平王方才获得了晋国的强力支持。再加上此时郑桓公已死,由武公领导的郑国也倒向了平王阵营,遂致使惠王集团彻底失去了沟通东方诸侯的途径,最终困于关中而身死国灭。
The phrase“同惠王子多父伐郐”in The Bamboo Annals has been the subject of many disputes since ancient times,and thus has not been interpreted correctly for a long time.Now,according to the second chapter of the Tsinghua University“Xinian”Manuscript,it can be seen that the so-called“King Tonghui”is the“King Hui of Zhou”,who was established together with King Ping of Zhou at the end of the Western Zhou.The character zi in this sentence is pronounced as“shi”,meaning“to send”or“to order”.Judging from the fact that Duke Huan of Zheng had been ordered by the king to attack Kuai,he did not die with the King You of Zhou,but rather,after the Battle of Lishan,he and the“kings of the state”,such as Guo and Qin,jointly established“King Hui”to serve the Zhou dynasty.At the beginning of the period of two kings,King Ping,who was backed by the Jiang family and the group of Rongdi,was not recognized by the clan nobles due to his moral and patriarchal flaws.On the contrary,King Hui,due to his large number of supporters,once had an overwhelming advantage.It was not until the ninth year after the destruction of King You of Zhou that King Ping received strong support from Jin.By that time,Duke Huan of Zheng had already died,and Zheng,led by Duke Huan,had also turned to King Ping's camp.As a result,King Hui's group completely lost the means to communicate with the eastern lords,and was eventually trapped in Guanzhong,where the state was destroyed.
出处
《文史哲》
北大核心
2025年第3期66-76,166,共12页
Literature,History,and Philosophy
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“清华大学藏战国竹简的价值挖掘与传承传播研究”(20&ZD309)
“出土简帛文献与古书形成问题研究”(19ZDA250)的阶段性成果。
作者简介
程浩,清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心、“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台副教授(北京100084)。
