摘要
历史自然地理学是中国历史地理学科的重要分支和组成部分,其概念在20世纪50年代初从苏联引进。针对该分支正当性的质疑与争议,复原其来自苏联历史地理学观念的事实,修正完全从中国自身寻找学理性依据的封闭式解释进路,审视苏联相关知识体系对我国产生的深刻影响。比较中苏历史自然地理学的发展可知,“任务带学科”的组织方式是推动其创立的实践基础,虽然受到苏联概念知识的直接影响,但在特定的历史背景下,中国历史自然地理学相对独立地形塑了自身的理论框架,基本完成了自主知识体系的创新与构建,促进了学科整体的现代转型。作为中西知识会通的产物,回顾中国历史地理学的发展演变,运用国别比较的考察路径,具有重要的科学知识地理研究的方法论意义。
Historical physical geography is a discipline that investigates the changes in various natural factors within geographical environments during historical human periods.The establishment of modern Chinese historical geography was profoundly influenced by Western historical geography theories and methodologies,particularly those of the Anglo-Americans.However,the English-speaking academic world lacks a distinct disciplinary framework analogous to that of"historical physical geography"(such as the term"historical physical geography"itself remains exceptionally rare).This discrepancy relates to the fact that historical physical geography,a crucial component and subfield of Chinese historical geography,originated from knowledge exchanges with Soviet theoretical frameworks in the early 1950s.The organizational model of"task-driven disciplinary development"fundamentally catalyzed the establishment of historical physical geography in China and significantly accelerated the modern transformation of Chinese historical geography.While domestic academia has robustly defended the legitimacy of historical physical geography through arguments addressing institutional structures,disciplinary alignment between geography and historical geography,essential differences between natural and human geography research paradigms,and the richness of Chinese historical archives,it remains undeniable that the disciplinary orientation that emerged in the 1950s directly adopted Soviet conceptual frameworks and theories.Furthermore,an academic approach that overlooks the practical realities of Soviet historical geography while seeking to ground the theoretical essence solely within the Chinese context necessitates potential revision and deeper exploration.This study examines the core theoretical contributions of Soviet historical geography during the same period.A comparative analysis of Sino-Soviet developments in historical physical geography reveals that China's"task-driven disciplinary development"model served as the practical foundation for its establishment.Despite direct conceptual influences from Soviet scholarship,Chinese historical physical geography has independently shaped its theoretical framework under specific historical conditions,largely achieving innovation and constructing an autonomous knowledge system,thereby advancing the discipline's comprehensive modernization.As a product of the Sino-Western intellectual synthesis,reconstructing the evolution of Chinese historical geography using a country-specific comparative approach holds significant methodological value in research on the geography of scientific knowledge.
作者
李大海
Li Dahai(Department of History,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China;Institute of International and Regional Studies,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China)
出处
《热带地理》
北大核心
2025年第6期988-996,共9页
Tropical Geography
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“区域国别学学科基础理论与方法研究”(24&ZD316)。
关键词
历史地理学
历史自然地理学
苏联地理学
知识地理
国别比较
historical geography
historical physical geography
soviet geography
geography of scientific knowledge
country comparison
作者简介
李大海(1981-),男,山东青岛人,副教授,博士,博士生导师,主要研究方向为中国历史地理学和地理学史,(E-mail)lidahai@mail.sysu.edu.cn。
