摘要
本文基于对三江源地区藏族生态移民村的田野调查,探讨了生态移民在定居过程中如何通过社会时间的建构实现社会整合与秩序维系。研究发现,移民群体融合传统牧民与定居移民双重身份,构建起“一日”和“一年”周期中相互作用的横向社会时间结构和纵向社会时间形式,对促进移民社会适应、规范社会行为及维护社会秩序方面发挥了关键作用。然而,构成社会时间结构的不同社会时间类型对移民群体的文化意义并不相同。受制于生态移民至边远小城镇的种种局限,政府支持的削弱导致石刻产业陷入停滞,经济生产作为移民安置的核心议题再度成为社会焦点,移民群体的工作时间失去稳定性,其社会秩序的意义逐渐弱化。这时基于传统文化延续的休闲时间和宗教时间,以及重新建构村落文化叙事和价值观念的经验时间,缓解了经济不确定性可能引发的社会问题,避免了社会失范的风险。本文亦指出,社会时间的多元构成反映了三江源生态移民社会的文化调适路径,为理解区域社会转型与适应的内在机制提供了新的视角。
Based on field research conducted in Tibetan ecological immigrant villages in the Sanjiangyuan region,results indicate that the immigrant group integrates the dual identities of traditional herders and settled immigrants,gradually constructing a social time structure composed of working,religious,leisure,and experiential time.This structure,regulated by Gregorian,lunar,and Tibetan calendars,forms specific social time forms for daily and annual task execution,which have gradually been internalized as a reference framework for individual actions.Through long-term cultural practice,the social time of the Sanjiangyuan ecological immigrants demonstrates functions of adaptation and integration for individual immigrants,groups,and the entire immigrant society.It also plays a coordinating role in interactions with different subjects such as the government and monasteries.Through this time adjustment,the time rhythms of different subjects with diverse cultural backgrounds in local society gradually move towards integration and coexistence.The social time guided by each subject forms a relationship of mutual accommodation and complementarity in daily practice,effectively meeting the diversified social needs of the entire village,reflecting the profound integrative role of time at the cultural and social levels.However,different types of social time within the social time structure have different cultural meanings for the immigrant group.The working time of the immigrant group has not yet established an autonomous and stable working time system during the social transformation.Consequently,working time,as a core dimension of the overall social time structure,has seen its role and status impacted,urgently requiring further social and economic integration for optimization and enhancement.Nevertheless,religious time and leisure time,which are based on the continuation of traditional culture,as well as the experiential time within the reconstructed village cultural narrative and value system,have alleviated the social problems potentially caused by economic uncertainty and avoided the risk of social anomie.Specifically,the cultural and social functions of religious time in Village H are multi-faceted:Maintaining faith through rituals and practices,promoting local social stability and development by disseminating policies and values,and achieving mutual promotion between economic and religious cultures through the integration of production time;moreover,leisure time regulates any excessive spare time of immigrants by standardizing the collective values,social goals,and enhancing cultural identity of the immigrants;experiential time represents a dynamic process of continuous adjustment and construction between the past,present,and future in immigrant society.During this process,through cultural inheritance and innovation,the immigrant group effectively copes with the uncertainties brought about by economic transformation and social reorganization.In the ecological immigrant society,experiential time is not only a field for generating cultural meaning but also a vital framework for maintaining social order.In summary,based on the study of Sanjiangyuan ecological immigrants,social time is not only an objective time framework but also a dynamic practice field of collective social life.It not only carries the immigrantsidentification with local culture but also preserves the stability and cooperation of the group in a complex socio-economic environment.This research,therefore,reveals the importance of social time as a cultural mechanism and offers a new academic perspective for understanding the transformation and adaptation of Sanjiangyuan ecological immigrant society.
作者
达娃尖措
祁进玉
Dawa Jiancuo;Qi Jinyu(School of International Relations,Sichuan University,Chengdu,610064,Sichuan,China;Center for the Study of Chinese Ethnic Minorities,Minzu University of China,Beijing,100081,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
北大核心
2025年第5期103-112,162,共11页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
国家社会科学基金重大课题滚动资助“‘一带一路’沿线各国民族志研究及数据库建设”(17ZDA155)阶段性成果。
关键词
三江源
生态移民
社会时间
秩序意义
民族志
Sanjiangyuan
ecological migration
social time
the significance of order
ethnography
作者简介
达娃尖措,四川大学国际关系学院博士研究生,研究方向:边疆社会文化;祁进玉,中央民族大学中国少数民族研究中心教授、博士生导师,研究方向:西北民族社区文化。
