摘要
血清睾酮是监控及预测运动员机体恢复和运动表现的关键指标,然而运动员在训练期间常会经历血清睾酮水平的下降,这不仅削弱了训练效果,还可能对健康产生不利影响。营养策略作为一种非训练手段,具有促进恢复和主动提升睾酮水平的效果。本文旨在探讨运动员通过营养策略改善血清睾酮水平的有效途径及其作用机制,以优化训练效果并提升竞技表现。基于运动对血清睾酮调控的主要机制,结合高强度运动和耐力运动的特点,本文梳理了能量与宏量营养素、膳食结构、微量元素、中草药和植物提取物干预等策略的潜在作用及其对睾酮水平的影响。未来研究将聚焦于不同营养干预方式在各训练阶段的协同应用,以及女性运动员的特殊需求,并借助组学技术和可穿戴设备为运动员提供精准的科学支持,以实现血清睾酮水平的精准调控和运动表现的最大化。
Serum testosterone is a key indicator for monitoring and predicting athletes'physical recovery and sports performance;however,athletes often experience a decline in serum testosterone levels during training,which affects training outcomes and health.Nutritional strategies,as a non-training means to adjust athletes'recovery needs,actively enhance testosterone levels.The aim of this paper is to explore effective pathways and mechanisms by which athletes can improve serum testosterone levels through nutritional strategies,thereby optimizing training effects and enhancing competitive performance.Based on the primary mechanisms by which exercise regulates serum testosterone,and in accordance with the characteristics of high-intensity and endurance exercises,this paper reviews nutritional strategies including regulating energy and macronutrient intake,improving dietary structure,and supplementing micronutrients,traditional Chinese medicine,and plant extracts.Future research should further focus on the synergistic application of different nutritional interventions at various training stages and the special needs of female athletes,and utilize omics technologies and wearable devices to provide more precise scientific support for athletes,achieving precise regulation of serum testosterone levels and maximizing sports performance.
作者
郭俏凤
陈笑然
周越
GUO Qiao-Feng;CHEN Xiao-Ran;ZHOU Yue(College of Human Sport Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Qinhuangdao Training Center of General Administration of Sport of China,Qinhuangdao 066000,China;The"Belt and Road"Joint Laboratory of Winter Sports,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《生命科学》
2025年第6期672-681,共10页
Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences
基金
国家体育总局国家队科研攻关项目“场地自行车奥运备战个性化膳食与运动营养综合保障”(23KJCX015)。
关键词
睾酮
运动员
营养
耐力运动
高强度运动
testosterone
athlete
nutrition
endurance exercise
high-intensity exercise
作者简介
通信作者:周越,E-mail:zhouy@bsu.edu.cn,Tel:010-62989582。
