摘要
[目的]研究沼渣对制种玉米根内微生物群落组成及产量的影响,为制种玉米增产提供理论指导。[方法]采用大田试验,设化肥(CK)和沼渣+化肥(BS)2个处理,其中CK中施用的化肥种类及用量分别为:磷酸氢二铵(515 kg/hm^(2))、尿素(735 kg/hm^(2))及硫酸锌(30 kg/hm^(2));BS处理中除施用了与CK相同的化肥种类及用量外,还施用了2.2 t/hm^(2)沼渣,测定不同处理制种玉米根际土壤理化性质、酶活性以及玉米生长指标和产量;采用高通量测序技术,分析BS处理与CK玉米根内微生物群落的多样性、结构、组成以及差异代谢通路,最后分析制种玉米根内微生物相对丰度与土壤理化性质、酶活性及玉米生长指标和产量的相关性。[结果]与CK相比,BS处理玉米根际土壤体积质量与pH均显著降低,土壤总孔隙度、有机质、碱解氮、速效氮、速效钾及阳离子交换量以及脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著升高,BS处理玉米的株高、根长、根干质量、地上部干质量及产量较CK显著升高。与CK相比,BS处理玉米根内细菌Alpha多样性显著增加,内生真菌Alpha多样性显著降低,群落结构发生了明显改变。从BS处理与CK玉米根内共检测出9个差异性细菌门和14个细菌属以及2个差异真菌门和10个真菌属。与CK相比,BS处理明显改变了制种玉米根内微生物群落组成,大部分属水平细菌的相对丰富显著增加,而属水平真菌的相对丰度显著降低。从BS处理与CK玉米根内共筛选出10条差异代谢通路,其中BS处理玉米根内与氨基酸运输与代谢、碳水化合物运输与代谢、细胞壁/膜/包膜生物发生、能量产生与贮存、无机离子转运与代谢、辅酶转运与代谢、脂质转运与代谢、信号转导、核苷酸转运与代谢、防御机制及细胞运动等代谢通路有关的细菌相对丰度较CK均显著增加(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,玉米根内属水平的细菌和真菌相对丰度与土壤理化性质、酶活性及玉米生长指标和产量有显著的相关性。[结论]施用沼渣明显改善了土壤理化性状和酶活性,影响了玉米根内微生物的群落组成以及多样性,增加了有益细菌的相对丰度,降低病原性真菌的相对丰度,改变了细菌的代谢通路,提高了制种玉米的产量。
【Objective】This research aimed to clarify the effect of biogas residue application on the composition of microbial community in the roots and yield of maize,and to provide theoretical guidance for increasing the yield of maize for seed production.【Method】A field experiment was conducted with two treatments:chemical fertilizer(CK)and biogas residue+chemical fertilizer(BS).Fertilizers applied in CK were diammonium hydrogen phosphate(515 kg/hm^(2)),urea(735 kg/hm^(2))and zinc sulphate(30 kg/hm^(2)).And in the BS treatment,in addition to the same type and amount of chemical fertilizer as CK,2.2 t/hm^(2) of biogas residue was applied.The physicochemical properties,enzyme activities of the rhizosphere soil,and growth indexes and yield of maize in the different treatments were determined,and the diversity,structure and composition of the microbial communities in the roots of maize in the BS and CK treatments as well as the different metabolic pathways were analyzed with high-throughput sequencing technology.【Result】After biogas residue treatment,compared with CK,the rhizosphere soil bulk density and pH of maize in the BS treatment were significantly lower,the total soil porosity,organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and cation exchange capacity,as well as the activities of oil urease,sucrase,catalase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher.The plant height,root length,root dry weight,shoot dry weight,and yield of maize in the BS treatment were significantly higher.The bacterial alpha diversity within the roots of maize in the BS treatment was significantly increased,the endophytic fungal alpha diversity was significantly decreased,and the community structure was significantly altered.A total of 9 differential bacterial phyla,14 bacterial genera,2 differential fungal phyla and 10 fungal genera were detected in maize roots from the BS treatment and CK.The BS treatment significantly altered the microbial community composition within the roots of maize for seed production compared to CK,with a significant increase in the relative abundance of most bacteria at the level of genera and a significant decrease in the relative abundance of most fungi at the level of genera.A total of 10 differential metabolic pathways were identified in the maize roots of BS treatment and CK treatment.And the relative abundance of bacteria associated with the metabolic pathways of amino acid transport and metabolism,carbohydrate transport and metabolism,cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis,energy production and conversion,inorganic ion transport and metabolism,coenzyme transport and metabolism,lipid transport and metabolism,signal transduction,nucleotide transport and metabolism,defense mechanisms and cell motility in the maize roots of BS treatment were all found to be increased significantly compared to CK(P<0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of bacteria and fungi at the level of genera in maize root was significantly correlated with soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and maize growth indicators and yield.【Conclusion】The application of biogas residue significantly improved soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities,affected the composition as well as diversity of microbial communities within maize roots,increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria,decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi,altered bacterial functional-metabolic pathways,and improved the yield of maize seed production.
作者
甫文疆
赵芸晨
郭俏
来航线
FU Wenjiang;ZHAO Yunchen;GUO Qiao;LAI Hangxian(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Agricultural and Ecological Engineering,Hexi University,Zhangye,Gansu 734000,China)
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期82-91,104,共11页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
甘肃省重点研发项目(22YF7NG128)
甘肃省教育厅产业支撑项目(2023CYZC-65)
国家自然科学基金地区项目(41867010)。
关键词
沼渣
内生菌
制种玉米
代谢通路
biogas residue
endophytic bacteria
corn seed production
metabolic pathways
作者简介
甫文疆(1998-),男,甘肃康乐人,硕士,主要从事资源环境微生物研究。E-mail:fuwenjiang@nwafu.edu.cn;通信作者:来航线(1964-),男,陕西礼泉人,教授,博士,主要从事微生物资源利用与根际微生态研究。E-mail:laihangxian@163.com;通信作者:赵芸晨(1975-),女,甘肃张掖人,教授,博士,主要从事植物营养与微生物资源利用研究。E-mail:yr1826@126.com。
