摘要
中药微生态以多种方式直接或间接参与药材生长发育、代谢过程、成分积累等,进而对中药道地性的形成、变迁产生重要影响。揭示中药微生态结构及其变化规律与药材品效之间的关系,是中药微生态学研究的主要任务之一。地理和气候等因素所致的土壤环境异质性,以及距离及宿主选择等隔离因素所致的离散限制性,是中药微生态地理分异的主要成因。中药微生态对道地药材鲜明的产地属性及优良品质属性产生了重要影响与贡献,主要体现在优良种质形成(包括使宿主获得更高的抗病虫害能力、抗旱能力、耐盐能力、抗寒能力等)、产量提高、药用部位形态建成、有效成分代谢积累、采收的时限性、药材毒性的形成、加工与炮制过程中的增效减毒、引种栽培后的品效变迁、菌类中药道地性等方面。随着现代信息技术组学的蓬勃发展,基于中药微生态介导的道地性化学成分的生源途径挖掘、基于微生态量效关系的中药代谢合成反应器的开发、基于中药微生态结构重构的道地药材仿生种植、基于中药微生态的产地鉴别条码溯源技术以及中药减毒增效技术等将成为未来的研究趋势。
Microecology was directly or indirectly involved in the growth and development,metabolism process,and component accumulation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in various ways,which affected the formation and changes of the geoherbalism of TCM.It was one of the main tasks of traditional Chinese medical microecology(TCMM)to reveal the relationship among microecological structure and its change rule and the quality effect of TCM.The heterogeneity of soil environment caused by geographical and climatic factors,as well as the discreteness limitation caused by isolation factors such as distance and host selection,were the main causes of the differentiation of microecological geography of TCM.The microecology of TCM had important influences and contributions on the distinctive origin and quality of Dao-di herbs,which was mainly reflected in the formation of excellent germplasm(including disease and insect resistance,drought resistance,salt resistance,cold resistance,etc.),the increase of yield,the formation of medicinal parts,the metabolism and accumulation of effective components,the time limit of harvesting,and the toxicity,increasing efficiency or reducing toxicity of TCM in the processing,the changes of product efficiency after introduction,and the authenticity of fungus medicine.With the vigorous development of metabonomics and modern information technology,the following aspects would become the future research trends,including the microecologically mediated biogenic pathway of chemical components,the metabolic synthesis reactor of TCM based on the microecological quantitative effect relationship,the cultivation of genuine Chinese medicine based on reconstruction of microecological structure,the origin identification barcode traceability technology,and the toxicity reduction and efficiency enhancement technology of TCM based on the microecological.
作者
何冬梅
王海
陈金龙
赖长江生
严铸云
黄璐琦
HE Dong-mei;WANG Hai;CHEN Jin-long;LAI Chang-jiang-sheng;YAN Zhu-yun;HUANG Lu-qi(Center for Post-doctoral Research,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China)
出处
《中国中药杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期290-302,共13页
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1706104)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-YQ-090)
国家自然科学基金项目(81673553,81603293)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302).
关键词
中药
微生态
道地药材
产地属性
道地性
traditional Chinese medicine
microecology
Dao-di herbs
origin attribute
geoherbalism
作者简介
何冬梅,副教授,主要从事中药微生态与中药资源研究,E-mail:hedongmei@cdutcm.edu.cn;通信作者:黄璐琦,研究员,博士生导师,E-mail:huangluqi01@126.com
