产业化发展背景下农产品流通渠道演变特征与动因——基于跨时期肉鸡流通全链条调研数据

Analysis on the Evolution Characteristics and Driving Forces of Agricultural Products Circulation Channels under the Background of Industrialization Development——Empirical Analysis based on Cross-period Case Tracking Data from the Entire Broiler Chicken Distribution Chain

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摘要在农业现代化转型的新发展阶段,农业产业化发展程度的日益加深对农产品流通渠道产生深刻影响。为切实了解当前我国农产品流通渠道变革的现状及未来发展趋势,基于2008年、2023年两次肉鸡流通全链条调研数据,开展跨时期案例比较分析。研究发现,过去十几年间,我国农产品流通渠道的分工与专业化程度不断加深。生产环节中,龙头企业接管更多原本由农户独立开展的生产任务,农户产业链参与度显著提升;农产品的生产成本显著降低,制度性成本基本被取缔,但人工、土地等要素成本的上升推动流通环节成本的上涨;流通渠道更加多元化,但批发市场模式由于更符合农产品集散需求,依然占据主导地位;流通渠道主体在降低交易成本、提升效率的驱动下,逐渐筛选并固定交易对象,形成较为稳定的流通“圈层”。未来,农产品流通渠道将继续朝着降低交易成本、提高流通效率的方向演进。符合“三方规制”特征的批发市场模式将长期主导农产品流通;随着农产品流通半径的扩大,专用性资产投资规模将进一步扩大;在市场需求倒逼和信息技术的支持下,农产品流通的标准化建设程度将持续提升;流通业业态将更加多元,但各主体自身合作的“圈层”将保持稳定。为促进农产品流通渠道高质量发展,应制定相关政策,支持公益性基础设施建设、规范市场交易秩序、加强流通渠道计量能力建设等,从而推动农产品流通渠道的现代化建设。 In the new phase of agricultural modernization,the deepening industrialization within the agricultural sector is exerting a profound influence on the circulation channels of agricultural products.To gain insights into the current transformation and future trends of agricultural products circulation channels in China,the authors undertake a comparative analysis of cross period cases,drawing on tracking data from the entire broiler chicken distribution chain in Hebei in 2008 and 2023.It is found that,over the past decade or so,the specialization of circulation channels in China has intensified.In the link of production,leading enterprises in the production sector have assumed more tasks previously handled independently by farmers,enhancing farmers'participation in the industry chain;the overall production cost of agricultural products has notably been decreased and the institutional cost has almost been eliminated,yet the increase in cost of factors,such as labor and land,has propelled an overall cost rising in circulation;circulation channels have been diversified,yet the wholesale market model continues to dominate due to its alignment with agricultural products distribution needs;and motivated by the need to reduce transaction costs and enhance efficiency,key players in the circulation channels have gradually selected and solidified trading partners,forming a relatively stable circulation"sphere"among them.It is anticipated that,in the future,first,agricultural products circulation channel will develop on the way to reducing transaction cost and improving circulation efficiency;second,wholesale market model that is characterized by"three-party regulation"will continue to dominate agricultural products circulation in the long term;third,with the expansion of circulation radii,the investment in specialized assets will be further increased;fourth,pressured by market demands and supported by information technology,the standardization of agricultural products circulation will be improved continuously;and fifth,while circulation formats will be more diversified,the cooperation"sphere"among various key players remains stable.To foster the high-quality development of agricultural products circulation channels,we should formulate related policies,and focus on supporting the construction of public welfare infrastructure,regulating market trading order,and strengthening the measurement capabilities of circulation channels,thereby promoting the modernization of agricultural products circulation channels.

作者炎天尧翟雪玲 YAN Tian-yao;ZHAI Xue-ling(Research Center for Rural Economy,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100810,China)

机构地区农业农村部农村经济研究中心

出处《中国流通经济》北大核心 2025年第6期3-15,共13页 China Business and Market

基金国家重点研发计划“大宗商品价格风险智能化监测关键技术研究及应用示范”(2023YFC3305100)暨课题四“大宗商品价格风险监测评估与预警技术及平台”。

关键词农产品流通变革规律跨时期案例分析渠道演变 agricultural products circulation transformation patterns cross-period case analysis channel evolution

分类号 F326.6 [经济管理—产业经济]

作者简介炎天尧(1994-),女,河南省新乡市人,农业农村部农村经济研究中心助理研究员,博士,主要研究方向为农业经济理论与政策;通讯作者:翟雪玲(1976-),女,陕西省耀县人,农业农村部农村经济研究中心研究员,市场与贸易室主任,博士,主要研究方向为农产品供求和市场价格、农产品流通体制和政策、农产品市场体系建设等。参与本文调研、讨论及修改的成员包括:翟雪玲、王慧敏、原瑞玲、聂赟彬、炎天尧、龙沛源。